Table 2 Characteristics of included studies
From: Parental technoference and adolescents’ mental health and violent behaviour: a scoping review
Outcomes explored | Mediators | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author | Country | Study type | Setting | Sample size | Sample age (years) | Parental technoference measurement tool | Adolescent techno-ference | Mental health | Violent behaviour | Relationship quality | Psychological Factors |
Bai et al., 2020 | China | Cross-sectional | School | 2,996 | Mean age 16 | Generic Scale of Being Phubbed | √ | √ | Agreeableness / Neuroticism | ||
Bai et al., 2021 | China | Cross-sectional | School | 3,322 | Mean age 16 | Generic Scale of Being Phubbed | √ | √ | Depression | ||
Geng et al., 2021 | China | Cross-sectional | School | 1,447 | Mean age 16 | Generic Scale of Being Phubbed | √ | Loneliness / Fear of Missing Out | |||
Liu et al., 2020a | China | Cross-sectional | School | 303 | 12–16 | The Technoference Scale | √ | √ | Life Satisfaction | ||
Liu et al., 2020b | China | Cross-sectional | School | 3,051 | Mean age 13 | Parental Phubbing Scale | √ | Social sensitivity / Loneliness | |||
Qu et al., 2020 | China | Cross-sectional | School | 4,213 | 10–20 | Generic Scale of Being Phubbed | √ | √ | Perceived Mother Acceptance | ||
Stockdale et al., (2018) | USA | Cross-sectional | School | 1,072 | 10–20 | The Technoference Scale | √ | √ | √ | √ | Anxiety / Depression |
Wang et al., 2020 | China | Longitudinal | School | 2,407 | Mean age 12 | Parental Phubbing Scale | √ | √ | Low Self Esteem / Perceived Social Support | ||
Wang et al., 2020 | China | Longitudinal | School | 2,407 | Mean age 12 | Parental Phubbing Scale | √ | Moral Disengagement | |||
Wei et al., 2021 | China | Cross-sectional | School | 874 | 11–18 | Parental Phubbing Scale | √ | √ | √ | Anxiety | |
Xie et al., 2019 | China | Cross-sectional | School | 1,007 | 11–16 | Parental Phubbing Scale | √ | √ | √ | Mobile Phone Addiction | |
Xie & Xie, 2020 | China | Study 1 Cross-sectional Study 2 Cross-sectional | School School | 530 293 | Study 1 Mean age 13 Study 2 Mean age 12 | Parental Phubbing Scale | √ | Relatedness / Life Satisfaction | |||
Zhang et al., 2021 | China | Cross-sectional | School | 471 | Mean age 13 | Parental Phubbing Scale | √ | √ | Social Anxiety / Core Self Evaluation | ||