Table 3 Descriptive Statistics for attitudes towards the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 598)

Perceived own risk of transmission and symptom development

2.72 (0.80)

1–5

0.27

0.05

0.71

I believe I am at risk of getting COVID-19

3.56 (0.99)

1–5

− 0.58

− 0.03

I believe I can develop severe symptoms if I get Covid-19

2.62 (1.01)

1–5

0.42

− 0.19

I believe I could die if I catch COVID-19

1.98 (1.02)

1–5

0.82

− 0.09

Perceived risk of spreading

4.02 (0.99)

1–5

− 0.98

0.57

Perceived effectiveness of risk reduction strategies

3.76 (0.58)

1.29-5

− 0.39

0.56

0.84

Use of mask

4.59 (0.75)

1–5

-2.40

6.85

Hand hygiene/ Washing hands

4.55 (0.69)

1–5

-1.88

4.61

Ventilation of spaces

4.60 (0.66)

1–5

-1.84

3.81

Disinfection of spaces

4.45 (0.85)

1–5

-1.72

2.81

Limited capacity

4.36 (0.88)

1–5

-1.56

2.33

Social distance

4.27 (0.91)

1–5

-1.45

2.14

Online education

3.12 (1.30)

1–5

− 0.03

-1.11

Limitation of hours in the restoration

2.71 (1.23)

1–5

0.30

− 0.96

Curfew

2.54 (1.31)

1–5

0.38

-1.07

Closure of sports facilities and services (gyms, sports centers …)

2.66 (1.25)

1–5

0.25

− 0.96

Closure of cultural facilities and services (libraries, museums, cinemas …)

2.26 (1.16)

1–5

0.73

− 0.27

Home isolation

3.36 (1.35)

1–5

− 0.40

-1.10

Diagnostic test

4.59 (0.69)

1–5

-1.94

4.46

Vaccine

4.59 (0.82)

1–5

-2.25

5.09