Table 4 Hazard ratio of developing dementia according to zoster and influenza vaccination—sensitivity analysis with left-censoring at 2 years of follow-up

zoster

All

All

16,782

94,144

0.86 (0.85, 0.88)

0.83 (0.81, 0.84)

0.83 (0.81, 0.84)

Alzheimer’s

6893

33,133

1.01 (0.99, 1.04)

0.98 (0.95, 1.01)

0.98 (0.95, 1.01)

Other

9889

61,011

0.78 (0.76, 0.80)

0.75 (0.73, 0.76)

0.75 (0.73, 0.76)

Gender

Male

All

7930

39,710

0.93 (0.91, 0.95)

0.88 (0.86, 0.91)

0.88 (0.86, 0.91)

Alzheimer’s

2995

12,551

1.12 (1.08, 1.17)

1.07 (1.02, 1.12)

1.07 (1.02, 1.12)

Other

4935

27,159

0.84 (0.81, 0.87)

0.80 (0.77, 0.83)

0.80 (0.77, 0.83)

Female

All

8852

54,434

0.81 (0.79, 0.83)

0.79 (0.77, 0.81)

0.79 (0.77, 0.81)

Alzheimer’s

3898

20,582

0.95 (0.91, 0.98)

0.92 (0.89, 0.95)

0.92 (0.89, 0.95)

Other

4954

33,852

0.73 (0.71, 0.76)

0.70 (0.68, 0.73)

0.70 (0.68, 0.73)

Age

70–74

All

4853

22,594

0.90 (0.87, 0.93)

0.84 (0.82, 0.87)

0.84 (0.82, 0.87)

Alzheimer’s

2015

8099

1.08 (1.02, 1.13)

1.01 (0.96, 1.07)

1.01 (0.96, 1.07)

Other

2838

14,495

0.81 (0.78, 0.84)

0.75 (0.71, 0.78)

0.75 (0.71, 0.78)

75–79

All

8491

38,608

0.84 (0.81, 0.86)

0.80 (0.78, 0.82)

0.80 (0.78, 0.82)

Alzheimer’s

3486

13,425

0.99 (0.95, 1.03)

0.96 (0.92, 1.00)

0.96 (0.92, 1.00)

Other

5005

25,183

0.75 (0.73, 0.78)

0.72 (0.70, 0.75)

0.72 (0.70, 0.75)

80–84

All

3377

22,939

0.88 (0.85, 0.91)

0.86 (0.83, 0.89)

0.86 (0.83, 0.89)

Alzheimer’s

1369

8200

0.99 (0.93, 1.05)

0.97 (0.91, 1.03)

0.97 (0.91, 1.03)

Other

2008

14,739

0.82 (0.78, 0.86)

0.80 (0.76, 0.84)

0.80 (0.76, 0.84)

85–89

All

53

347

0.95 (0.70, 1.28)

0.95 (0.69, 1.31)

0.94 (0.68, 1.30)

Alzheimer’s

21

86

1.37 (0.81, 2.31)

1.46 (0.82, 2.59)

1.54 (0.86, 2.75)

Other

32

261

0.80 (0.55, 1.17)

0.77 (0.52, 1.15)

0.75 (0.50, 1.13)

90 + 

All

8

9656

0.40 (0.18, 0.89)

0.33 (0.15, 0.75)

0.33 (0.15, 0.75)

Alzheimer’s

< 5

3323

0.59 (0.13, 2.67)

0.53 (0.12, 2.39)

0.53 (0.12, 2.39)

Other

6

6333

0.36 (0.14, 0.91)

0.29 (0.11, 0.74)

0.28 (0.11, 0.74)

Influenza

All

All

7786

32,414

1.13 (1.10, 1.17)

1.06 (1.03, 1.09)

1.06 (1.03, 1.09)

Alzheimer’s

2823

10,971

1.26 (1.21, 1.33)

1.20 (1.14, 1.25)

1.20 (1.14, 1.25)

Other

4963

21,443

1.07 (1.03, 1.11)

0.98 (0.95, 1.02)

0.99 (0.95, 1.02)

Gender

Male

All

3187

12,010

1.20 (1.15, 1.26)

1.09 (1.04, 1.15)

1.09 (1.04, 1.15)

Alzheimer’s

1099

3963

1.32 (1.22, 1.43)

1.22 (1.13, 1.32)

1.22 (1.13, 1.32)

Other

2088

8047

1.15 (1.08, 1.21)

1.05 (0.99, 1.11)

1.05 (0.99, 1.11)

Female

All

4599

20,404

1.09 (1.05, 1.13)

1.03 (0.99, 1.07)

1.03 (0.99, 1.07)

Alzheimer’s

1724

7008

1.23 (1.16, 1.31)

1.18 (1.11, 1.26)

1.18 (1.11, 1.26)

Other

2875

13,396

1.02 (0.97, 1.07)

0.95 (0.90, 0.99)

0.95 (0.90, 0.99)

Age

70–74

All

1440

5375

1.21 (1.14, 1.29)

1.12 (1.05, 1.19)

1.12 (1.05, 1.19)

Alzheimer’s

594

1967

1.46 (1.32, 1.61)

1.36 (1.23, 1.51)

1.37 (1.24, 1.51)

Other

846

3408

1.08 (1.00, 1.17)

0.99 (0.91, 1.08)

0.99 (0.90, 1.08)

75–79

All

1987

7327

1.12 (1.06, 1.18)

1.04 (0.98, 1.10)

1.04 (0.98, 1.10)

Alzheimer’s

790

2734

1.20 (1.10, 1.31)

1.16 (1.06, 1.26)

1.16 (1.06, 1.26)

Other

1197

4593

1.07 (1.00, 1.14)

0.96 (0.89, 1.04)

0.96 (0.89, 1.04)

80–84

All

2208

7341

1.12 (1.06, 1.18)

1.06 (1.00, 1.12)

1.06 (1.00, 1.12)

Alzheimer’s

843

2589

1.26 (1.16, 1.38)

1.22 (1.12, 1.33)

1.22 (1.12, 1.33)

Other

1365

4752

1.04 (0.98, 1.12)

0.98 (0.91, 1.05)

0.98 (0.92, 1.06)

85–89

All

1462

4502

1.07 (1.00, 1.15)

1.00 (0.93, 1.07)

1.00 (0.93, 1.07)

Alzheimer’s

447

1378

1.10 (0.97, 1.24)

1.04 (0.92, 1.18)

1.04 (0.92, 1.18)

Other

1015

3124

1.06 (0.98, 1.15)

0.97 (0.89, 1.06)

0.97 (0.89, 1.06)

90 + 

All

689

7869

1.19 (1.07, 1.33)

1.13 (1.01, 1.27)

1.13 (1.01, 1.27)

Alzheimer’s

149

2303

1.42 (1.13, 1.79)

1.37 (1.09, 1.73)

1.37 (1.08, 1.72)

Other

540

5566

1.13 (1.00, 1.28)

1.09 (0.95, 1.24)

1.09 (0.95, 1.24)