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Table 2 Hazard ratio of developing dementia according to zoster vaccination

From: The association of herpes zoster and influenza vaccinations with the risk of developing dementia: a population-based cohort study within the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink

Vaccine type

Demographic

Category

Dementia type

Model 1: HR (95%C.I.)

Model 2: HR (95%C.I.)

Model 3: HR (95%C.I.)

E-valuea

Zoster

All

 

All

0.80 (0.79–0.81)

0.78 (0.77–0.79)

0.78 (0.77–0.79)

1.89 (1.85)

  

Alzheimer’s

0.94 (0.92–0.96)

0.91 (0.89–0.92)

0.91 (0.89–0.92)

1.44 (1.38)

  

Other

0.73 (0.72–0.74)

0.71 (0.69–0.72)

0.71 (0.69–0.72)

2.19 (2.13)

Gender

Male

All

0.86 (0.85–0.88)

0.83 (0.81–0.85)

0.83 (0.81–0.85)

1.71 (1.65)

  

Alzheimer’s

1.04 (1.00–1.07)

0.99 (0.96–1.02)

0.99 (0.96–1.02)

1.12 (1.00)

  

Other

0.79 (0.77–0.80)

0.76 (0.74–0.77)

0.76 (0.74–0.77)

1.98 (1.90)

 

Female

All

0.76 (0.74–0.77)

0.74 (0.73–0.75)

0.74 (0.73–0.75)

2.05 (1.99)

  

Alzheimer’s

0.87 (0.85–0.90)

0.85 (0.83–0.88)

0.85 (0.83–0.88)

1.62 (1.54)

  

Other

0.68 (0.67–0.70)

0.66 (0.65–0.68)

0.66 (0.65–0.68)

2.38 (2.30)

Age

70–74

All

0.86 (0.84–0.88)

0.81 (0.79–0.83)

0.81 (0.79–0.83)

1.76 (1.69)

  

Alzheimer’s

1.02 (0.98–1.06)

0.97 (0.93–1)

0.97 (0.93–1)

1.23 (1.00)

  

Other

0.77 (0.74–0.79)

0.72 (0.7–0.75)

0.72 (0.7–0.75)

2.12 (2.02)

 

75–79

All

0.77 (0.76–0.79)

0.75 (0.74–0.77)

0.75 (0.74–0.77)

1.99 (1.94)

  

Alzheimer’s

0.90 (0.87–0.92)

0.87 (0.85–0.9)

0.87 (0.85–0.9)

1.55 (1.46)

  

Other

0.70 (0.69–0.72)

0.68 (0.66–0.7)

0.68 (0.66–0.7)

2.30 (2.22)

 

80–84

All

0.82 (0.79–0.84)

0.8 (0.78–0.82)

0.8 (0.78–0.82)

1.81 (1.72)

  

Alzheimer’s

0.93 (0.88–0.97)

0.91 (0.87–0.95)

0.91 (0.87–0.95)

1.44 (1.28)

  

Other

0.76 (0.73–0.79)

0.74 (0.71–0.77)

0.74 (0.71–0.77)

2.03 (1.91)

 

85–89

All

0.78 (0.62–0.99)

0.78 (0.61–0.99)

0.77 (0.61–0.99)

1.90 (1.13)

  

Alzheimer’s

0.91 (0.60–1.38)

0.93 (0.6–1.43)

0.93 (0.6–1.43)

1.36 (1.00)

  

Other

0.73 (0.55–0.98)

0.72 (0.54–0.96)

0.71 (0.53–0.96)

2.16 (1.27)

 

90 + 

All

0.83 (0.57–1.20)

0.74 (0.51–1.09)

0.75 (0.51–1.09)

2.02 (1.00)

  

Alzheimer’s

0.57 (0.22–1.44)

0.39 (0.13–1.22)

0.39 (0.13–1.22)

4.52 (1.00)

  

Other

0.90 (0.60–1.34)

0.83 (0.55–1.27)

0.83 (0.55–1.27)

1.69 (1.00)

  1. Model 1: Adjusted for gender, age, and practice-level factors. Model 2: Further adjustments for IMD, ethnicity, and time-dependent indicators for the conditions in the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Model 3: Further adjustments for IMD, ethnicity, time-dependent indicators for the conditions in the Charlson Comorbidity Index, and time-dependent antiviral status
  2. aE-value and minimum effect (confidence interval closest to the null) based on HR estimates with model 3