Table 1 General characteristics of study population at baseline period
From: Effect of changes in sleeping behavior on skeletal muscle and fat mass: a retrospective cohort study
Changes in sleep quality between baseline and follow-up periods | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Good-to-Good | Good-to-Poor | Poor-to-Poor | Poor-to-Good | ||
Total, N (%) | 14,054 (71.1) | 1,629 (8.2) | 854 (4.3) | 3,233 (16.4) | |
Sleep duration [h/day], N (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
≤ 5 | 1,443 (10.3) | 228 (14.0) | 191 (22.4) | 496 (15.3) | |
6–7 | 9,319 (66.3) | 1,013 (62.2) | 488 (57.1) | 1,943 (60.1) | |
8–9 | 3,079 (21.9) | 356 (21.8) | 156 (18.3) | 728 (22.5) | |
≥ 10 | 213 (1.5) | 32 (2.0) | 19 (2.2) | 66 (2.0) | |
Age, mean ± SD [years] | 53.3 ± 8.0 | 53.6 ± 8.3 | 52.3 ± 7.6 | 53.1 ± 7.9 | < 0.001 |
Age [years], N (%) | |||||
40–49 | 4,893 (34.8) | 576 (35.4) | 1,142 (35.3) | 333 (39.0) | |
50–64 | 7,712 (54.9) | 870 (53.4) | 1,780 (55.1) | 458 (53.6) | |
65–80 | 1,449 (10.3) | 183 (11.2) | 311 (9.6) | 63 (7.4) | |
Sex, N (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Men | 5,353 (38.1) | 520 (31.9) | 224 (26.2) | 978 (30.2) | |
Women | 8,701 (61.9) | 1,109 (68.1) | 630 (73.8) | 2,255 (69.8) | |
Income level, N (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Low | 2,547 (18.1) | 360 (22.1) | 213 (24.9) | 801 (24.8) | |
Middle | 7,601 (54.1) | 828 (50.8) | 414 (48.5) | 1,619 (50.1) | |
High | 3,906 (27.8) | 441 (27.1) | 227 (26.6) | 813 (25.2) | |
History of depression, N (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 13,850 (98.6) | 1,590 (97.6) | 806 (94.4) | 3,122 (96.6) | |
Yes | 204 (1.4) | 39 (2.4) | 48 (5.6) | 111 (3.4) | |
Follow-up duration, mean ± SD [years] | 6.82 ± 1.72 | 6.62 ± 1.62 | 6.52 ± 1.57 | 7.12 ± 1.77 | < 0.001 |
Follow-up duration [years], N (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
5–6 | 5,318 (37.8) | 674 (41.4) | 372 (43.6) | 1,000 (30.9) | |
7–9 | 8,0323 (57.2) | 892 (54.8) | 461 (54.0) | 2,038 (63.0) | |
10–13 | 703 (5.0) | 63 (3.9) | 21 (2.5) | 195 (6.0) | |
Body mass index, mean ± SD [kg/m2] | 23.9 ± 2.8 | 23.9 ± 2.8 | 23.8 ± 3.0 | 23.8 ± 2.8 | 0.561 |
Body mass index [kg/m2], N (%) | 0.179 | ||||
< 18.5 | 215 (1.5) | 21 (1.3) | 18 (2.1) | 60 (1.9) | |
18.5–25.0 | 9,404 (66.9) | 1,065 (65.4) | 558 (65.3) | 2,193 (67.8) | |
≥ 25.0 | 4,435 (31.6) | 543 (33.3) | 278 (32.6) | 980 (30.3) | |
Nutrient intake, mean ± SD | |||||
Calorie with weight [kcal/kg·day] | 29.1 ± 9.9 | 29.2 ± 11.7 | 28.9 ± 11.0 | 28.7 ± 10.5 | 0.458 |
Calorie [kcal/day] | 1,779 ± 562 | 1,768 ± 648 | 1,714 ± 601 | 1,740 ± 628 | < 0.001 |
Protein with weight [g/kg·day] | 1.00 ± 0.45 | 0.99 ± 0.53 | 0.98 ± 0.50 | 0.97 ± 0.49 | 0.047 |
Protein [g/day] | 61.0 ± 26.7 | 60.1 ± 30.0 | 57.7 ± 28.3 | 58.8 ± 29.3 | < 0.001 |
Fat with weight [g/kg·day] | 0.46 ± 0.30 | 0.46 ± 0.37 | 0.45 ± 0.34 | 0.45 ± 0.30 | 0.530 |
Fat [g/day] | 28.2 ± 18.1 | 28.1 ± 21.2 | 26.9 ± 17.9 | 27.4 ± 20.3 | 0.044 |
Drinking status, N (%) | 0.005 | ||||
Never | 7,367 (52.4) | 874 (53.6) | 443 (51.9) | 1,825 (56.4) | |
Former | 460 (3.3) | 50 (3.1) | 32 (3.8) | 103 (3.2) | |
Current | 6,227 (43.3) | 705 (43.3) | 379 (44.4) | 1,305 (40.4) | |
Smoking status, N (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Never | 10,272 (73.1) | 1,242 (76.2) | 662 (77.5) | 2,509 (77.6) | |
Former | 2,299 (16.4) | 219 (13.4) | 87 (10.2) | 417 (12.9) | |
Current | 1,483 (10.6) | 168 (10.3) | 105 (12.3) | 307 (9.5) | |
Physical activity, N (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Low | 6,024 (42.9) | 759 (46.6) | 474 (55.5) | 1,616 (50.0) | |
High | 8,030 (57.1) | 870 (53.4) | 380 (44.5) | 1,617 (50.0) | |
Fasting blood sugar, mean ± SD [mg/dL] | 94.6 ± 18.7 | 94.6 ± 19.6 | 95.0 ± 21.1 | 94.4 ± 19.5 | 0.820 |
Total Cholesterol, mean ± SD [mg/dL] | 196.2 ± 34.8 | 196.5 ± 33.4 | 197.6 ± 35.3 | 196.1 ± 35.2 | 0.701 |