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Table 7 MNL model analysis

From: Effects of immediate and distant health consequences: different types of health warning messages on sweets affect the purchase probability

Attributes

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

 

Estimate

z-value

Estimate

z-value

Estimate

z-value

Estimate

z-value

Warnings

 Overweight

0.39*

5.21

0.10

1.76

0.01

0.09

0.03

0.44

 Diabetes

 − 0.18*

 − 3.04

 − 0.34*

 − 2.40

 − 0.43*

 − 2.99

 − 0.36*

 − 2.41

 Caries

 − 0.07*

 − 2.04

 − 0.57*

 − 4.73

 − 0.67*

 − 5.45

 − 0.63*

 − 4.89

Symbol-Warning-Interactions

Shocka/Shock-OW

 − 0.79*a

 − 15.74

 − 0.86*

 − 11.93

 − 0.89*

 − 12.13

 − 0.96*

 − 12.19

 Shock-DB

  

 − 0.92*

 − 7.10

 − 0.95*

 − 7.18

 − 1.03*

 − 7.53

Stopa/Stop-DB

0.27*a

4.27

0.07

0.56

0.06

0.46

0.00

0.02

 Stop-CA

  

0.49*

4.62

0.49*

4.57

0.45*

4.10

Fixed effects/ASC

 Price

 − 1.97*

 − 32.91

 − 1.92*

 − 25.88

 − 1.91*

 − 25.89

 − 1.91*

 − 24.22

 No-buy

 − 1.45*

 − 12.93

 − 1.69*

 − 19.34

 − 1.69*

 − 19.34

 − 1.77*

 − 18.27

Socio-demographics/PCA

 Age-Shock-OW

    

 − 0.01*

 − 2.26

 − 0.01*

 − 2.10

 Age-Shock-DB

    

0.00

0.62

0.01

1.74

 Age-Stop-DB

    

 − 0.01*

 − 5.40

 − 0.01*

 − 5.60

 Age-Stop-CA

    

 − 0.01*

 − 7.42

 − 0.01*

 − 6.83

 Factor 1 – OW

    

0.12*

4.36

0.10*

3.32

 Factor 3 – OW

    

 − 0.12*

 − 4.30

 − 0.11*

 − 3.92

EPPM

 Stop – DC DB

      

0.10*

3.64

 Stop – DC CA

      

 − 0.02

 − 0.83

 Shock – DC DB

      

0.16***

3.50

 Shock – DC OW

      

 − 0.21***

 − 4.50

Log-Likelihood

 − 12,523

 

 − 12,518

 

 − 12,155

 

 − 10,918

 

McFadden R2

0.170

 

0.170

 

0.1955

 

0.2766

 
  1. Abbreviations OW Overweight, DB Diabetes, CA Caries, DC Danger Control
  2. Significance: *p < 0.05. a = For the first model no symbol-disease interactions were calculated, but only the symbols “Stop” and “Shock” were used. Reference category: For “Warnings” we refer to the base alternative as reference. For “Symbol”/”Symbol-Warning-Interaction” we used the “text-only” attribute as reference-category, to describe the additional effect of Shock/Stop vs. text-only