Fig. 1

Original health warning labels used in this study, illustrating in each case “shocking picture” and “stop sign” with regard to the textual information about caries (a), overweight (b) and diabetes (c). Translated from the German original the textual information reads: a “Caries (lat. rottenness, morass) is a multifactorial dental disease that is promoted by sugar.”, b “Excessive sugar consumption leads to tooth decay, obesity, and diabetes. The diabetic foot is a common secondary disease of diabetes mellitus.”, c “Overweight affects your health and body. Symptoms may include: shortness of breath, increased sweating, and joint pain.”