Table 1 List of constructed truth tables constructed and refined

Final models

Model 1: How birth information was provided to women

Information, communication, education (IEC) materials, antenatal education, psychoeducation, group-based intervention delivery

Model 2: Emotional support was provided to women

Partner or family member involvement, group-based intervention delivery, interaction with health providers

Consolidated model

IEC materials, interaction with health providers, partner or family members involvement, group-based intervention delivery

Sub-analysis of multi-target interventions

IEC materials, interaction with health providers, partner or family members involvement, group-based intervention delivery, multi-target intervention

Other models explored but no configurations observed

Context and participants

Number of participants, partner or family members involvement, delivery at health facility, delivery at home or community, number of health facility, baseline CS rates

Intervention designs

Antenatal education, psychoeducation, decision aids, theory-driven, facilitators, group-based intervention delivery, personal based intervention delivery, IEC materials

Program content

Information about mode of birth, pain relief, mental health and coping strategies, partner’s roles, didactic-based intervention delivery, practice-based delivery

Methods of engagement

Recruitment through health facility, recruitment through advertisement, timing of engagement, frequency of engagement, duration of engagement, incentives, potential competing interests

Population of women targeted by the intervention

Partner or family member involvement, women with low risk pregnancies, women with previous CS, women with fear of birth, group-based intervention delivery, control group equivalent

Provision of emotional support for women (another pathway)

IEC materials can be taken home, partner or family member involvement, group-based intervention delivery