Table 1 Basic characteristics of the study participants

Age, year, mean (S.D.)

55.48 (9.98)

58.53 (8.93)

 < 0.001^*

Sex (%)

 < 0.001^†

 Male

2469 (30.46)

804 (49.45)

 Female

5638 (69.54)

822 (50.55)

Marital status, marital, N (%)

 < 0.001^†

 Married

7099 (87.57)

1476 (90.77)

 Others

1008 (12.43)

150 (9.23)

Educational status, N (%)

0.002^†

 Primary school and lower

2879 (35.51)

590 (36.29)

 Junior high school

2081 (25.67)

397 (24.42)

 Senior high school

2043 (25.20)

462 (28.41)

 College and above

1104 (13.62)

177 (10.89)

Smoking, N (%)

 < 0.001^†

 Never

6605 (81.47)

1160 (71.34)

 Occasion

329 (4.06)

132 (8.12)

 Frequent

1173 (14.47)

334 (20.54)

Alcohol drinking, N (%)

 < 0.001^†

 Never

6404 (78.99)

1168 (71.83)

 Occasion

1268 (15.64)

305 (18.76)

 Frequent

435 (5.37)

153 (9.41)

Work intensity, N (%)

 < 0.001^†

 Light

2801 (34.55)

429 (26.38)

 Moderate

888 (10.95)

163 (10.02)

 Vigorous

460 (5.67)

91 (5.60)

 Retirement

3958 (48.82)

943 (58.00)

Vegetable intake, N (%)

0.049^†

  < once/day

280 (3.45)

73 (4.49)

  ≥ once/day

7827 (96.55)

1553 (95.51)

Fruit intake, N (%)

 < 0.001^†

  < once/day

2837 (34.99)

661 (40.65)

  ≥ once/day

5270 (65.01)

965 (59.35)

Hypertension, yes, N (%)

 < 0.001^†

 No

5669 (69.93)

157 (9.66)

 Yes

2438 (30.07)

1469 (90.34)

Dyslipidemia, yes, N (%)

 < 0.001^†

 No

2497 (30.80)

414 (25.46)

 Yes

5610 (69.20)

1212 (74.54)

LTPA, MET-h/week, median (IQR)

35.70 (17.80, 59.20)

34.70 (15.50, 58.80)

 < 0.001^*

WHR, median (IQR)

0.87 (0.82,0.92)

0.91 (0.87,0.96)

 < 0.001^‡

VAI, median (IQR)

7.00 (5.00, 10.00)

11.00 (8.00, 15.00)

 < 0.001^‡

LAP, median (IQR)

28.90 (16.71, 47.76)

44.70 (27.80, 69.15)

 < 0.001^‡

RMR, Kcal/day, median (IQR)

1260.00 (1151.00,1431.50)

1435.00 (1277.00,1607.75)

 < 0.001^‡

BMI, kg/m², mean (S.D.)

23.54 (3.26)

26.34 (3.84)

 < 0.001^*

NC, cm, mean (S.D.)

34.17 (3.05)

36.59 (3.45)

 < 0.001^*

BF%, mean (S.D.)

30.18 (6.19)

31.40 (6.23)

 < 0.001^*