Table 4 Healthy eating index (HEI-2010) score and dietary food groups intake of the participants according to disease severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
From: The association between diet quality and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case-control study
COPD severity levels | Mild (n = 7) | Moderate (n = 45) | Severe (n = 22) | Very severe (n = 10) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HEI-score | 1233 ± 253 | 1359 ± 495 | 1052 ± 406 | 1428 ± 472 | 0.055 |
Whole grains | 8.2 ± 19.8 | 60.3 ± 96.7 | 15.6 ± 27.2 | 107.8 ± 145.4 | 0.02 |
Refined grains (g/d) | 503 ± 212 | 593 ± 188 | 557 ± 181 | 447 ± 83 | 0.11 |
Total fruits (g/d) | 289.7 ± 167.5 | 411.2 ± 237.3 | 300 ± 166.7 | 335.2 ± 179.9 | 0.15 |
Whole fruits (g/d) | 267 ± 161 | 370 ± 218 | 275 ± 156 | 447 ± 83 | 0.21 |
Vegetables (g/d) | 330.7 ± 156.7 | 369.3 ± 145.6 | 305.5 ± 148.3 | 397.6 ± 164.7 | 0.29 |
Dairy (g/d) | 485.9 ± 208.6 | 393.4 ± 236.2 | 329.2 ± 197.1 | 501.5 ± 304.2 | 0.19 |
Total protein foods (g/d) | 69.6 ± 57.6 | 77.4 ± 40.8 | 61.2 ± 25.1 | 53.8 ± 22.6 | 0.19 |
Sea foods and plant proteins (g/d) | 54 ± 36 | 77 ± 38 | 60 ± 20 | 67 ± 25 | 0.14 |
Empty calories (g/d) | 128 ± 81 | 138 ± 99 | 150 ± 146 | 123 ± 71 | 0.92 |