Table 3 Percentages and adjusted odds ratios for self-rated poorer sleep according to the pandemic period

n

2916

765

173

819

All

62.4

16.4

3.7

17.5

ACE

0

69.7

13.3

2.7

14.3

Ref

Count

1

62.9

16.0

3.5

17.6

1.21 (0.98–1.50)

1.33 (0.87–2.03)

1.24 (1.01–1.52)

2–3

52.9

20.5

4.7

21.9

1.71 (1.36–2.15)

2.00 (1.30–3.08)

1.65 (1.33–2.06)

 ≥ 4

40.7

25.8

7.5

26.0

***

2.49 (1.90–3.26)

3.57 (2.26–5.64)

2.27 (1.74–2.96)

Trusted

0

44.7

29.5

4.2

21.6

Ref

Family

1

50.1

24.7

5.3

19.8

0.90 (0.59–1.37)

1.24 (0.52–2.92)

0.93 (0.59–1.48)

Members (n)

 ≥ 2

64.6

14.8

3.5

17.1

***

0.54 (0.37–0.78)

0.64 (0.29–1.41)

0.71 (0.47–1.07)

Trusted

0

50.3

25.3

3.5

21.0

Ref

Friends (n)

1

52.3

24.2

2.4

21.0

0.89 (0.62–1.26)

0.55 (0.24–1.30)

0.87 (0.60–1.26)

 ≥ 2

64.7

14.6

3.9

16.8

***

0.64 (0.48–0.85)

1.02 (0.56–1.87)

0.70 (0.53–0.94)

Community

No

56.2

20.2

3.8

19.8

Ref

Help^a

Yes

64.4

15.2

3.7

16.8

***

0.78 (0.64–0.94)

0.89 (0.61–1.30)

0.78 (0.65–0.94)

Had

No

63.8

16.4

3.4

16.4

Ref

COVID-19

Yes

56.3

16.4

5.1

22.2

***

1.08 (0.87–1.34)

1.46 (1.01–2.11)

1.35 (1.11–1.64)

Deprivation

(least) 5

70.7

11.3

3.1

14.9

Ref

Quintile

4

66.7

12.9

4.8

15.6

1.22 (0.91–1.64)

1.65 (1.01–1.70)

1.10 (0.84–1.43)

3

60.7

18.8

4.0

16.5

1.87 (1.41–2.48)

1.43 (0.85–2.40)

1.19 (0.91–1.56)

2

58.9

19.0

3.8

18.3

1.83 (1.38–2.42)

1.29 (0.76–2.18)

1.30 (1.00–1.67)

(most) 1

56.2

19.5

3.0

21.3

***

1.98 (1.51–2.59)

1.04 (0.61–1.76)

1.61 (1.25–2.06)

Age

18–29

49.9

18.8

6.3

25.1

Ref

(years)

30–39

53.3

18.4

6.2

22.0

1.00 (0.69–1.45)

1.00 (0.57–1.77)

0.84 (0.60–1.18)

40–49

59.0

17.8

3.6

19.6

1.03 (0.73–1.46)

0.60 (0.33–1.07)

0.77 (0.56–1.05)

50–59

61.6

15.9

3.8

18.7

0.90 (0.65–1.26)

0.62 (0.36–1.08)

0.72 (0.53–0.97)

69–69

64.6

17.0

2.6

15.8

0.98 (0.69–1.38)

0.45 (0.24–0.83)

0.63 (0.46–0.87)

70 + 

72.5

13.5

2.5

11.5

***

0.76 (0.54–1.08)

0.45 (0.25–0.83)

0.44 (0.32–0.62)

Sex

Male

68.7

14.9

2.6

13.8

Ref

Female

58.6

17.3

4.4

19.8

***

1.41 (1.18–1.68)

1.96 (1.38–2.79)

1.67 (1.40–1.98)

Ethnicity

White

62.5

16.4

3.6

17.4

Ref

Other

61.1

15.2

4.8

18.9

ns

0.77 (0.53–1.13)

1.34 (0.71–2.51)

0.91 (0.64–1.29)

Survey

Phone

64.3

14.8

3.5

17.4

Ref

Method

Online

52.0

24.8

4.8

18.3

***

1.65 (1.32–2.05)

1.38 (0.91–2.10)

1.03 (0.81–1.30)

Study

England

64.7

16.0

3.0

16.3

Ref

Location

Wales

61.0

16.6

4.1

18.3

*

1.09 (0.91–1.31)

1.35 (0.95–1.92)

1.25 (1.05–1.49)