Table 5 Logistic regression of HIV related stigma among people living with HIV

Age group: (15–24 years)

 25–34 years

0.68

(0.44–1.04)

0.59

(0.20–1.77)

0.82

(0.53–1.26)

 35–44 years

0.76

(0.52–1.13)

0.48

(0.18–1.32)

0.64*

(0.42–0.98)

 45 years + 

0.84

(0.53–1.33)

0.56

(0.18–1.70)

0.55**

(0.34–0.91)

Sex:(Female)

 Male

0.95

(0.73–1.25)

1.26

(0.79–2.00)

0.94

(0.68–1.31)

Education: (Less than primary)

 Primary

0.66*

(0.45–0.95)

0.79

(0.36–1.72)

0.97

(0.63–1.50)

 Secondary level or higher

0.39***

(0.24–0.63)

0.71

(0.30–1.67)

0.94

(0.57–1.54)

Wealth quintile: (Lowest)

 Second

0.59**

(0.38–0.89)

0.73

(0.25–2.16)

0.79

(0.45–1.38)

 Middle

0.63**

(0.43–0.92)

0.58

(0.20–1.66)

0.90

(0.55–1.47)

 Fourth

0.68

(0.44–1.07)

0.38

(0.13–1.08)

1.06

(0.65–1.72)

 Highest

0.96

(0.59–1.58)

0.84

(0.30–2.38)

1.88*

(1.10–3.23)

Urban area:(No)

 Yes

0.59**

(0.41–0.87)

1.33

(0.72–2.47)

0.73

(0.50–1.05)

Subnational HIV prevalence: (Low)

 Mid

0.85

(0.56–1.30)

1.82

(0.75–4.43)

1.45

(0.92–2.28)

 High

1.69*

(1.07–2.66)

1.25

(0.54–2.91)

1.49

(0.87–2.53)

Proportion with secondary educ. or higher

0.99

(0.97–1.02)

1.01

(0.96–1.06)

0.97

(0.95–1.00)

Proportion in highest wealth quintile

1.01

(0.99–1.02)

0.99

(0.96–1.02)

1.02*

(1.00–1.04)

Country: (Zambia)

 Malawi

0.39**

(0.19–0.79)

1.08

(0.31–3.70)

0.25***

(0.12–0.52)

 Tanzania

0.76

(0.44–1.31)

1.72

(0.52–5.72)

0.88

(0.48–1.61)