Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population overall and differentiated by SARS-CoV-2 infection status

Female sex (%)

2593

53.8 (52.4-55.2)

208

59.4 (54.2–64.5)

2385

53.4 (51.9–54.9)

Age group (%)

 18–49 years

2356

48.9 (47.5–50.3)

167

47.7 (42.5–53.0)

2189

49.0 (47.6–50.5)

 50–74 years

2030

42.1 (40.8–43.5)

146

41.7 (36.6–47.0)

1884

42.2 (40.7–43.6)

  ≥ 75 years

431

8.9 (8.2–9.8)

37

10.6 (7.7–14.3)

394

8.8 (8.0–9.7)

Age in years (mean)

4817

49.8 ± 17.3

350

49.3 ± 18.4

4467

49.8 ± 17.3

Municipality (%)

 Kupferzell

1191

24.7 (23.5–26.0)

151

43.1 (38.0–48.4)

1040

23.3 (22.1–24.5)

 Bad Feilnbach

1049

21.8 (20.6–23.0)

95

27.1 (22.7–32.1)

954

21.4 (20.2–22.6)

 Straubing

1320

27.4 (26.2–28.7)

42

12.0 (9.0–15.9)

1278

28.6 (27.3–30.0)

 Berlin-Mitte

1257

26.1 (24.9–27.4)

62

17.7 (14.0–22.1)

1195

26.8 (25.5–28.1)

Educational level (%)

 Lower

337

7.0 (6.3–7.8)

41

11.7 (8.7–15.5)

296

6.6 (5.9–7.4)

 Medium

2170

45.1 (43.7–46.5)

177

50.6 (45.3–55.8)

1993

44.6 (43.2–46.1)

 High

2308

47.9 (46.5–49.3)

132

37.7 (32.8–42.9)

2176

48.7 (47.3–50.2)

Smoking status (%)

 Current smoker

948

20.1 (18.9–21.2)

45

13.1 (9.9–17.1)

903

20.6 (19.4–21.8)

 Ex-smoker

1431

30.3 (29.0–31.6)

93

27.1 (22.7–32.1)

1338

30.5 (29.2–31.9)

 Never smoker

2347

49.7 (48.2–51.1)

205

59.8 (54.5–64.8)

2142

48.9 (47.4–50.4)

Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; %)

802

16.8 (15.7–17.8)

55

16.5 (12.9–20.9)

747

16.8 (15.7–17.9)

BMI (kg/m²; mean)

4786

25.9 ± 5.1

333

25.8 ± 4.8

4453

25.9 ± 5.1

Chronic disease or health problem (%)

1682

35.0 (33.7–36.4)

110

32.9 (28.1–38.2)

1572

35.2 (33.8–36.6)

Health-related activity limitations (%)

924

19.3 (18.2–20.4)

53

15.9 (12.3–20.2)

871

19.5 (18.4–20.7)

Depression or anxiety disorders (%)

299

6.3 (5.6–7.0)

17

5.1 (3.2–8.1)

282

6.4 (5.7–7.1)