Table 1 Description of eligible studies reporting the association between vitamin D deficiency and lipid profiles
No | Author,year | Gender | Specific population | Methods of vitamin D measurement | Region | Study type | Age (years) | BMI (kg/m2) | Sample Size | NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Carretero 2007 [27] | male/female (13/60) | morbidly obese patients | ELISA | Spain | cohort | 39.0 ± 12.7 | 48.6 ± 5.8 | 73 | 7 |
2 | Yildizhan 2009 [28] | women | obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome | high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based Chromsystems diagnostic kit | Turkey | prospective study | 25.51 ± 3.91 | 32.84 ± 5.43 | 57 | 7 |
3 | Muscogiuri 2010 [29] | male/female (11/21) | obese subjects | chemiluminescence immunoassay radioimmunoassay | Italy | cohort | 41.4 ± 12.4 | 30.1 ± 5.4 | 39 | 6 |
4 | Bellia 2013 [30] | male/female (58/89) | patients with severe obesity | ND | Italy | cohort | 37 ± 10 | 45.1 ± 2.2 | 147 | 7 |
5 | Esteghamati 2014 [31] | male/female (142/124) | metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese adults | Radioimmunoassay kits | Iran | cross-sectional | 47.2 ± 12.3 | 29.6 (29.4–29.8) | 4391 | 7 |
6 | Boonchaya-anant 2014 [32] | male/female (41/150) | extremely obese individuals | a TSQ Quantum Ultra triple mass-spectrometer | USA | a retrospective study | 41.5 ± 11.2 | 40.9 ± 9.1 | 63 | 8 |
7 | Kozakowski 2014 [34] | women | women with polycystic ovary syndrome presenting abdominal and gynoidal type of obesity | a chemiluminescent immunoassay | Poland | cohort | 30.2 ± 8.8 | 36.6 ± 4.8 | 26 | 6 |
8 | Amena Sadiya 2014 [33] | male/female (79/230) | persons with obesity and type 2 Diabetes | an immunochemiluminescence method | Ajman | cross-sectional | 48.7 ± 7.8 | 36.9 ± 6.0 | 309 | 7 |
9 | Bellan 2014 [35] | male/female (221/303) | patients with severe obesity | ND | Italy | cohort | 52.0 (40.0–62.0) | 46.6 (43.1–50.9) | 524 | 6 |
10 | Bril 2015 [36] | male/female (204/35) | patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis | chemiluminescence immunoassay | USA | cohort | 59 ± 1 | 34.3 ± 0.4 | 239 | 9 |
11 | Lu 2015 [37] | women | Chinese Postmenopausal Women with visceral obesity | electrochemiluminescence immunoassay | China | cross-sectional | 56.96 ± 4.27 | 25.28 ± 2.68 | 226 | 6 |
12 | Ter horst 2016 [38] | women | obese women | iso-tope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry | USA | cohort | 44 ± 9 | 46 ± 7 | 37 | 6 |
13 | Mousa 2017 [39] | male/female (66/45) | overweight/obese but otherwise healthy cohort | the direct competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay method | Australia | cohort | 28 (23–37) | 29.6 (27–33) | 111 | 7 |
14 | Piantanida 2017 [40] | male/female (44/152) | people with visceral obesity | ND | Italy | cohort | 46 ± 14 | 36.3 ± 4 | 196 | 6 |
15 | Ong 2018 [41] | male/female (54/57) | Overweight and Obese Singaporeans Seeking Weight Management Including Bariatric Surgery | chemiluminescent immunoassay | China | cross-sectional | 40 ± 10 | 40.1 ± 8.2 | 111 | 7 |
16 | Curvello-Silva 2020 [42] | male/female (75/224) | obese patients | chemiluminescence immunoassay | Brazil | cross-sectional | 36.0 ± 9 | 40.8 ± 5.1 | 299 | 6 |
17 | Setayesh 2021 [43] | women | overweight and obese women | ELISA | Iran | cross-sectional | 35.61 ± 8.17 | 31.14 ± 4.14 | 236 | 7 |
18 | Minna F. Schleu 2021 [22] | women | obese Brazilian Women | ELISA | Brazil | cross-sectional | 44 (33–53.5) | 37.755 (33.74–41.16) | 93 | 6 |
19 | Lara A da C. Dominoni 2022 [21] | male/female (20/32) | adults with obesity | chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay | Brazil | cross-sectional | 37.50 ± 6.88 | 33.60 ± 2.89 | 52 | 6 |
20 | Salah Gariballa 2022 [20] | male/female (142/56) | obese subject | Chemiluminescence immunoassay | United Arab Emirates | cohort | 41 ± 12 |  ≥ 30 | 277 | 7 |
21 | Tong Gong 2022 [44] | male/female (293/153) | overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes | ND | China | cross-sectional | 50.76 ± 13.31 | 25.52 ± 3.78 | 446 | 6 |