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Table 1 Characteristics of participants overall and by sex over three waves of data collection

From: Protective factors for adolescent sexual risk behaviours and experiences linked to HIV infection in South Africa: a three-wave longitudinal analysis of caregiving, education, food security, and social protection

 

Overall N = 1563 Obs = 4402 n %

Girls N = 906 Obs = 2530 n %

Boys N = 657 Obs = 1872 n %

p-valuea

Sociodemographics

 Age, mean (SD) [range]

15.29 (3.23) [10-24]

15.78 (3.39) [10-24]

14.63 (2.88) [10-23]

< .001

 Living with HIV

3086 (70)

1738 (69)

1348 (72)

0.743

 Rural location

1132 (26)

688 (27)

444 (24)

0.088

 Informal housing

639 (15)

412 (16)

227 (12)

0.003

 Maternal orphan

1796 (41)

983 (39)

813 (43)

0.511

 Paternal orphan

1518 (34)

836 (33)

682 (36)

0.053

 Household size, mean (SD) [range]

6.39 (3.00) [1-19]

6.51 (3.01) [1-19]

6.22 (2.97) [1-19]

0.022

Structural factors

 Number of social grants, mean (SD) [range]

3.16 (2.21) [0–10]

3.23 (2.23) [0–10]

3.07 (2.16) [0–10]

0.833

  (Between SD)

(1.88)

(1.92)

(1.83)

 

  (Within SD)

(1.30)

(1.34)

(1.25)

 

 Positive caregiving, mean (SD) [range]

18.93 (5.24) [0–24]

18.95 (5.39) [0–24]

18.89 (5.04) [0–24]

0.778

  (Between SD)

(3.58)

(3.78)

(3.30)

 

  (Within SD)

(3.92)

(3.96)

(3.86)

 

 Caregiver supervision, mean (SD) [range]

33.74 (7.79) [0–40]

33.98 (7.70) [0–40]

33.41 (7.89) [0–40]

0.052

  (Between SD)

(5.63)

(5.77)

(5.43)

 

  (Within SD)

(5.53)

(5.29)

(5.85)

 

 Adolescent-caregiver communication, mean (SD) [range]

7.24 (2.77) [0–20]

7.21 (2.87) [0–20]

7.28 (2.61) [0–20]

0.220

  (Between SD)

(1.81)

(1.91)

(1.68)

 

  (Within SD)

(2.14)

(2.22)

(2.03)

 

 Education enrolment

3817 (87)

2040 (81)

1767 (94)

< .001

  (Between %)

(93)

(90)

(99)

 

  (Within %)

(92)

(90)

(96)

 

 Days with enough food at home last week, mean (SD) [range]

6.53 (1.07) [0–7]

6.46 (1.14) [0–7]

6.62 (0.97) [0–7]

< .001

  (Between SD)

(0.76)

(0.82)

(0.67)

 

  (Within SD)

(0.77)

(0.81)

(0.70)

 

Sexual practices

 Sexual debut

1516 (34)

1035 (41)

481 (26)

< .001

 Multiple sexual partnersb

625 (14)

346 (14)

279 (15)

0.481

 Transactional sexc

224 (5)

161 (6)

63 (3)

< .001

 Age-disparate sexd

238 (5)

182 (7)

56 (3)

< .001

 Condomless sexb

758 (17)

561 (22)

197 (11)

< .001

 Sex on substancese

202 (5)

103 (4)

99 (5)

0.156

  1. One thousand five hundred nineteen participants were first interviewed at wave one of data collection, and 44 participants were first interviewed at wave two of data collection
  2. Abbreviations: Obs Observations, HIV Human immunodeficiency virus, SD Standard deviation
  3. aEstimated from univariable random effects regression to account for clustered nature of data
  4. b42 observations missing data
  5. c56 observations missing data
  6. d120 observations missing data
  7. e1563 observations missing data as sex on substances was only measured at waves two and three
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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