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Table 3 Association between patient group and sociodemographic characters and common medical conditions, multivariable analyses

From: Comparing the health of refugee and asylee patients with that of non-refugee immigrant and US-born patients in a large Urban clinic

Demographic characteristics

IRR (95% CI; p-value)

 

Hypertension

Type 2 diabetes

Hyperlipidemia

Chronic pain

Latent tuberculosis

Depression

Anxiety

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Immigration status (Ref: refugee/asylee)

        

US-born

1.8 (1.0,3.7; 0.04) *

1.6 (0.7,3.7; 0.3)

1.2 (0.5,2.8; 0.6)

0.9 (0.5,1.5; 0.7)

0.8 (0.2,4.1; 0.8)

0.5 (0.3,0.8; 0.006) **

1.1 (0.4,2.9; 0.9)

0.06 (0.01,0.2; 0.00) **

Immigrant

1.5 (1.0,2.3; 0.07)

1.2 (0.7,2.2; 0.5)

1.4 (0.8,2.4; 0.2)

1.0 (0.7,1.4; 1.0)

1.5 (0.8,3.0; 0.2)

0.7 (0.5,1.1; 0.1)

0.7 (0.4,1.2; 0.4)

0.1 (0.06,0.2; 0.00) **

Age (Ref: 18–34 years)

        

35–64 years

5.7 (3.3,9.8; 0.00) **

9.5 (4.1,21.7; 0.00) **

7.1 (3.4,14.8; 0.00) **

1.4 (1.1,1.8; 0.003) **

0.8 (0.5,1.5; 0.6)

1.1 (0.8,1.4; 0.7)

1.2 (0.8,1.7; 0.3)

1.5 (0.9,2.5; 0.08)

>65 years

12.7 (7.4,22, 0.00) **

16.2 (6.9,38.0; 0.00) **

13.9 (6.4,30.0; 0.00) **

1.1 (0.8,1.6; 0.5)

0.4 (0.1.1.3; 0.1)

1.1 (0.7,1.7; 0.6)

0.9 (0.5,1.7; 0.7)

1.0 (0.3.3.4; 1.0)

Gender (Ref: men)

        

Women

0.7 (0.6,0.8; 0.00) **

1.1 (0.8,1.5; 0.5)

0.5 (0.4,0.7; 0.00) **

1.0 (0.8,1.2; 0.8)

1.1 (0.6,1.8; 0.8)

1.7 (1.3,2.2; 0.00) **

1.6 (1.1,2.2; 0.008) **

1.7 (1.1,2.7; 0.02) *

Race and Ethnicity (Ref: White)

        

Asian & Pacific Islander

1.59 (1.0,2.6; 0.06)

3.8 (1.2,11.7; 0.02)*

1.8 (0.8,3.9;0.1)

0.9 (0.6,1.5; 0.8)

1.1 (0.3,4.7; 0.9)

0.4 (0.2,0.6; 0.00) **

0.4 (0.2,1.1; 0.07)

0.2 (0.08,0.7; 0.009)**

Black

1.3 (0.8,2.2; 0.3)

1.4 (0.4,5.3; 0.6)

0.8 (0.2,2.4;0.7)

1.7 (1.1,2.7; 0.02) *

0.9 (0.1,7.8; 0.9)

0.6 (0.3,1.2; 0.1)

1.0 (0.4,2.2; 0.9)

0.5 (0.08,2.8; 0.4)

Latine

1.7 (1.1,2.7; 0.03) *

3.0 (1.1,8.1; 0.03) *

1.5 (0.7,3.3; 0.3)

0.9 (0.6,1.6; 0.8)

0.8 (0.1,5.2; 0.8)

0.6 (0.4,1.0; 0.04) *

0.7 (0.3,1.6; 0.5)

0.9 (0.3, 2.7; 0.9)

Middle Eastern/North African

0.7 (0.2,2.2; 0.6)

2.6 (0.4,17.6; 0.3)

0.4 (0.0,4.0;0.4)

1.9 (0.9,3.7; 0.08)

1.0 (0.2,6.3; 1.0)

1.0 (0.4,2.1; 1.0)

1.2(0.4,3.8; 0.7)

0.9 (0.09,8.6; 0.9)

Other

1.3. (0.9,2.2)

2.6 (0.97,7.2; 0.06)

1.7 (0.9,3.3; 0.1)

1.0 (0.6,1.5; 0.9)

0.3 (0.0,2.2; 0.2)

0.5 (0.3,0.8; 0.009)**

0.3 (0.2,0.8; 0.01)*

0.6 (0.2,1.9; 0.4

Language (Ref: English)

        

Arabic

0.3 (0.0,1.3; 0.09)

1.1e-06 (4.1e-07,3.1e-06;0.00)**

0.9 (0.2,3.9;0.9)

0.7 (0.4,1.5; 0.4)

0.9 (0.2,4.3; 0.9)

0.6 (0.3,1.4; 0.2)

1.1 (0.3,3.2; 0.9)

1.1 (0.1,9.1;0.9)

Cantonese

0.7 (0.4,1.0; 0.07)

0.7 (0.3,1.3; 0.2)

0.9 (0.5,1.8;0.9)

0.9 (0.5,1.6; 0.7)

2.8 (0.7,11.1; 0.1)

0.3 (0.1,1.0; 0.04) *

0.7 (0.2,2.8; 0.6)

0.5 (0.06, 4.3; 0.5)

Spanish

0.7 (0.4,1.0; 0.07)

1.3 (0.6,2.8; 0.5)

1.0 (0.5,2.1;0.9)

1.2 (0.7,1.9; 0.5)

2.5 (0.4,15.4; 0.3)

0.6 (0.4,1.0; 0.7)

1.2 (0.5,3.3; 0.7)

0.5 (0.1,1.9; 0.3)

Other

0.9 (0.6,1.2; 0.5)

0.6 (0.3,1.0; 0.07)

1.0 (0.5,1.7;0.9)

0.9 (0.6,1.4; 0.8)

2.1 (0.6,7.4; 0.2)

0.4 (0.2,0.6; 0.00) **

0.9 (0.4,2.1; 0.8)

0.5 (0.2,1.6; 0.2) *

Years at the clinic

1.3 (1.2,1.5; 0.00) **

1.3 (1.1,1.5; 0.001) **

1.3 (1.1,1.5; 0.00) **

1.4 (1.3,1.5; 0.00) **

1.2 (0.9,1.5; 0.2)

1.1 (1.0,1.3; 0.03)*

1.1 (0.9,1.3; 0.2)

1.3 (1.0,1.6; 0.04)*

  1. Note: Poisson regression model with robust variance. Data from electronic medical records from a public safety-net clinic, 2014–2017. IRR = estimated relative risk, CI: confidence interval. Based on a sample of 343 refugees/asylee, 450 immigrant, and 202 US-born patients. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01