Table 1 Summary of articles
Title | Authors | Year | Location | Study Aim | Study Population | Vaccination Type | Intervention | Methods Used | Primary Outcome Measures | Results Recap | Quality Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Development and acceptability of a peer-paired, cross-cultural and cross-generational storytelling HPV intervention for Korean American College Students | Minjun Kim, Haeok Lee, Peter Kiang, Jeroan Allison | 2019 | US | Reports on the development of a cross-cultural, cross-generational story-telling HPV intervention using a peer-paired method. | Korean American college women | HPV | Peer-paired cross-cultural and cross-generational story telling | RCT | Self-satisfaction and endorsement of the storytelling HPV videos. | Intervention group had higher satisfaction. Suggests that it would be important to include both peer stories and health provider messaging. | 1 |
 A Peer-Based Educational Intervention Effects on SARS-CoV2 Knowledge and Attitudes among Polish High-School Students | Maria Ganczak, Oskar Pasek, Lukasz Duda-Duma, Julia Komorzycka, Karol Novak, Marvin Korzen | 2021 | Poland | Evaluate the impact of a peer-based educational intervention on COVID on knowledge and attitudes on the pandemic. | Polish High School Students | COVID-19 vaccine | A peer based educational intiative. | Survey | Knowledge scores regarding COVID, attitude scores, and intention to vaccinate | Pre and post intervention the level of knowledge increased and improved attitudes | 1 |
Increasing influenza and pneumococcal immunization rates: a randomized controlled study of a senior center-based intervention | J W Krieger, J S Castorina, M L Walls, M R Weaver, S Ciske | 2000 | US | A RCT of a senior-based peer-to-peer intervention to increase pneumococcal and influenza immunization rates. | Urban senior population (and pneumococcal) | Influenza | Intervention group received informational brochures (with reply cards on immunization status), calls from senior volunteers, and computerized immunization tracking. | Survey | % of those vaccinated with influenza and pneumococcal between the two years with the introduction of the intervention. | Compared with the control group, the intervention group had a greater increase in people with influenza and pnumococcal vaccination from the prior year. | 2 |
 A Randomized Controlled Trial of Group Well-Child Care: Improved Attendance and Vaccination Timeliness | Ada M Fenick, John M Leventhal, Walter Gilliam, Marjorie S Rosenthal | 2020 | US | To compare Group well-child care (GWCC) compared with individual well-child care. | Mother-infant dryads in New Haven | Childhood vaccines | Group well-child care (GWCC) | RCT | Visits attended, rates of admission to hospital or ED, vaccination timeline at 2,4, 6, and 12 months. | Infants in the GWCC were more likely to get immunization within 1 month of scheduled at 6 months and 12 months. However there was no significant effect for 2 and 4 month vaccinations. | 1 |
Effect of Peer Education Knowledge of Human Papilloma Virus and Cervical Cancer among Female Adolescent Students in Benin City, Nigeria | Ayebo Sadoh, Chukwunwendu Okonkwobo, Damian Nwaneri, Bamidele Ogboghodo, Charles Erigiea, Osawaru Oviawe, OMolara FAmuyiwa | 2018 | Nigeria | Determine the effect of peer education on the knowledge of female adolescents about HPV, cervical cancer, treatment, and prevention. | Female adolescent students in Benin City | HPV | Trained students delivered messages on cervical cancer and HPV using fliers to their peers in a classroom setting. | Survey | Knowledge score on cervical cancer and prevention methods | Pre and post intervention the mean knowledge score increased. Compared with the school cohort (control), a much higher percentage of the students knew that PAP smears and vaccination could prevent cervical cancer seminar cohort | 2 |
Effects of a narrative HPV vaccination intervention aimed at reaching college women: a random controlled trial | Suellen Hopfer | 2011 | US | To evaluate the effect of a narrative intervention aimed at increasing HPV vaccination among women | College women | HPV | Narrative messaging intervention with peer, medical expert, or combination intervention options | RCT | Likelihood to vaccine 2 months after the intervention. | The peer-expert narrative intervention had nearly double the vaccination of the control (22% to 12%) | 2 |
Multi-level intervention to prevent influenza infections in older low income and minority adults | Jean Schensul, Kim Radda, Emil Coman, Elsie Vazquez | 2009 | US | To address persistent inequalities influenza vaccination in African American and Latino adults through a multi-level participatory intervention grounded in group and individual empowerment | African Americans and Latinos living in public senior housing | Influenza | A multi-level participatory intervention that was designed by the research team and participants from the housing units. | RCT | Observation of the intervention strategy and the increase in vaccination from the year before compared with the control building. | In the intervention buildings the vaccination rate increased from 30.4 to 71%. Whereas, in the control building there was only an 18% increase in vaccination. | 2 |
Using Peer-to-Peer Education to Increase Awareness and Uptake of HPV Vaccine Among Chinese International Students | Aaron Esagoff, Samuel Cohen, Guoxuan Chang, Ozlem Equils, Sarah Van Orman, Alicia Burnett | 2019 | US | Examine the impact of peer to peer education program about HPV disease and vaccination among Chinese International Students | Chinese International Students at USC | HPV | Mandarin-speaking students volunteers as peer educations who were trained on HPV. | Survey | % reporting receiving th HPV vaccine, HPV knowledge, belief of likelihood to acquire HPV, interest in vaccination if it was free, and number of students that visited the health center for a vaccination. | On going project — of 400 students educated, 80 visited the health center. (Unknown vaccination status of the total 400) | 2 |
Effect of peer-education on the willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 among high school students | O. Pasek, J. Michalska, M. Piechowicz, M. Stolinski, M. Ganczak | 2021 | Poland | Assess the influence of peer-based education on willingness to vaccinate among Polish High school students | Polish High School Students | COVID-19 vaccine | Peer education campaign introduced into 24 school. | Survey | Willingness to vaccinate | Willingness to vaccinate grew from 31.8 to 35.2%. | 1 |
Does bar-based, peer-led sexual health promotion have a community-level effect amongst gay men in Scotland? | Flowers, P; Hart, GJ; Williamson, LM; Frankis, JS ; Der, GJ | 2002 | Scotland | Evaluate the effectiveness of a bar-based, peer-led community intervention to promote sexual health among gay men. | Gay Men in Scotland | Hepatitis B virus (HBV) | Using the Gay Men’s Task Force (GMTF) which using peer-led and community level intervention | Survey | % who vaccinated post-introduction of the intervention compared with vaccinate rate at baseline | In regards to vaccination, the men who had contact with a peer educator in Glasgow reported 59% hep vaccination which is compared with 44% at baseline. In Edinburgh, vaccination increased from 53 to 56%. (Limitation, not all the same people) | 2 |
Nudges for COVID-19 voluntary vaccination: How to explain peer information? | Shusaku Saski, Tomoya Saito, Fumio Ohtake | 2021 | Japan | This study aims to discover other-regarding information nudges that can reinforce intention to vaccinate, without impeding on autonomous decision making. | Japanese | COVID-19 vaccine | An online experiment with three treatment groups that different peer information; comparison, influence-gain, influence-loss and control. All three using the nudge theory. | RCT | Willing to receive free vaccine and willingness to pay level | With an influence gain messaging, the willingness to receive a vaccine increased to 91.5% and willingness to pay also increased. | 3 |
Community health workers on a college campus: Effects on influenza vaccination | Huang, Jack J.; Francesconi, Maria; Cooper, Madeline H.; Covello, Allyson; Guo, Michelle; Gharib, Soheyla D. | 2018 | US | Assess the impact of a campus community health worker program on influenza vaccination. | Undergraduate students | Influenza | HealthPALs conducted in person outreach to different dormitories during flu clinics. Then also did personalized dormitory intervention the following year. | Population vaccination rate | Vaccination rate between the three different years. | Over the first year vaccination increased 66% and in the second year it grew by 85% | 2 |
Pharmacy student involvement with increasing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among international college students | Angela G.Long,Craig M.Roberts,Mary S.Hayney | 2017 | US | Determine if peer-to-peer HPV outreach and education held on UW campus could increase HPV vaccination by 20%. | International (specifically Chinese) undergraduate students | HPV | Peer-to-peer intervention using pharmacy students as the educators | Population vaccination rate | HPV vaccinations during the same time period the year prior. | With the intervention vaccination increased by 41% compared with the year before. | 1 |
Engaging Same-Day Peer Ambassadors to Increase Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Among People Experiencing Unsheltered Homelessness in Los Angeles County: A Hybrid Feasibility-Evaluation Study | Chelsea L. Shover, Allison Rosen, José Mata, Brooke Robie, Julissa Alvarado, Ashley Frederes, Ruby Romero, Jacqueline Beltran, Anna Bratcher, Alicia H. Chang, Kristen R. Choi, Candelaria Garcia, Steven Shoptaw, Priyanka Guha, Lindsey Richard, Gunner Sixx, Angel Baez, Anthony Coleman, Sarah Harvell, Shirnae Jackson, Caroline Lee, Joanna Swan, Kenny Torres, Emily Uyeda Kantrim, Maya McKeever, Anh Nguyen, Adam Rice, Marisol Rosales, Jordan Spoliansky, Elizabeth Bromley, Heidi Behforouz, Lillian Gelberg, Pamina M. Gorbach, Anne W. Rimoin, and Emily H. Thomas | 2022 | US | Evaluate the feasibility and acceptabilty of engagign unhoused peer ambassadors for COVID-19 vaccination for the unhoused | People experiencing unshltered homelessnes | COVID-19 vaccine | PAs were using incombination with a vaccination event to share their experiences getting vaccinated | Mixed methods | Feasibility via number of Pas enrolled, acceptability via average number of hours a PA participated. Then did person-time calculation to calculate the number of additional clients vaccinated per hour of PA participation. | 197 additional people were vaccinated at events using PAs over a total of 167 PA hours. | 1 |
An online community peer support intervention to promote COVID-19 vaccine information among essential workers: a randomized trial | Dominic Arjuna Ugarte, Jeremy Linb, Tianchen Qian and Sean D. Younga | 2022 | US | Testing the efficacy of a 4-week online peer-led intervention to promote COVID-19 vaccine information requests | Essential workers | COVID-19 vaccine | Online peer leader based intervention with hestiant indivduals. Peer leaders ran a facebook group with peers to discuss vaccine information and doubts. | RCT | Number of people requesting vaccine information and odds of getting a vaccination | Intervention group had 6 people request information and 10 people get vaccinated, and in the control group 0 requested information and 6 got vaccinated. | 1 |
Diné teachings and public health studetns informing peers and relatives about vaccine education: Providing Diné (Navajo)-centered COVID-19 education materials using student health messengers | Marissa Tutt, Chassity Begay, Shawndeena George, Christopher Dickerson, Carmella Kahn, Mark Bauer and Nicolette Teufel-Shone | 2022 | US | Adapt the health education material and conduct a retrospective pretest of the materials to assess participants attitudes and behavioral controls before and after the education session. | Diné | COVID-19 vaccine | Use trusted health messagers to address Diné adults vaccine concerns and hesitancy. | Survey | A finalized set of COVID-19 vaccine materials for the Diné community and the effictiveness of the intervention by assessing the attitudes, perceived behavioral controal, subjective nrms, and intent to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. | All participants indicated a change in the positve direction post educaiton. Statistically significant changes in participants who believed getting the COVID-19 vaccine was a good idea, that the vaccine coudl prevent COVID, and the vaccine would protect the community. | 1 |