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Table 4 OR (95% CIs) for association between urinary volume-based 3-PBA and OA in subgroups

From: Association between pyrethroid exposure and osteoarthritis: a national population-based cross-sectional study in the US

Group

Ln

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

P for trend

P for interaction

Sex

0.03

Male

0.98 (0.86, 1.13)

1.00 (ref)

1.12 (0.69, 1.84)

0.68 (0.40, 1.17)

0.85 (0.51, 1.41)

0.44

 

Female

1.16 (1.05, 1.27)

1.00 (ref)

1.37 (0.90, 2.10)

1.27 (0.82, 1.97)

1.90 (1.26, 2.86)

< 0.01

 

Age

0.96

< 50

1.08 (0.89, 1.29)

1.00 (ref)

1.12 (0.55, 2.28)

0.97 (0.54, 1.76)

1.34 (0.69, 2.59)

0.38

 

≥ 50

1.09 (0.99, 1.20)

1.00 (ref)

1.35 (0.92, 1.98)

1.11 (0.73, 1.69)

1.48 (1.01, 2.19)

0.10

 

Race/ethnicity

0.12

Hispanic

1.02 (0.86, 1.21)

1.00 (ref)

1.33 (0.62, 2.83)

1.61 (0.79, 3.29)

1.73 (0.75, 3.96)

0.32

 

Non-Hispanic

white

1.11 (1.02, 1.20)

1.00 (ref)

1.37 (0.93, 2.00)

1.04 (0.69, 1.55)

1.54 (1.08, 2.18)

0.04

 

Non-Hispanic

black

1.19 (0.98, 1.43)

1.00 (ref)

2.07 (0.81, 5.25)

1.75 (0.73, 4.24)

1.91 (0.82, 4.46)

0.45

 

Others Race

0.67 (0.42, 1.07)

1.00 (ref)

0.44 (0.12, 1.61)

0.20 (0.04, 0.97)

0.15 (0.03, 0.88)

0.09

 

BMI

0.60

< 25

1.03 (0.87, 1.22)

1.00 (ref)

0.96 (0.42, 2.20)

1.09 (0.57, 2.10)

1.18 (0.61, 2.29)

0.57

 

≥ 25

1.10 (1.01, 1.20)

1.00 (ref)

1.37 (0.99, 1.91)

1.03 (0.69, 1.53)

1.49 (1.03, 2.15)

0.05

 

LTPA

0.47

Active

1.15 (1.00, 1.32)

1.00 (ref)

1.74 (0.96, 3.16)

1.23 (0.69, 2.18)

2.26 (1.30, 3.95)

0.03

 

Inactive

1.07 (0.98, 1.17)

1.00 (ref)

1.15 (0.80, 1.63)

0.99 (0.67, 1.45)

1.20 (0.82, 1.75)

0.41

 

DMs

0.12

Normal

1.13 (1.03, 1.24)

1.00 (ref)

1.43 (0.96, 2.13)

0.99 (0.64, 1.54)

1.69 (1.18, 2.44)

0.02

 

Prediabetes

1.09 (0.88, 1.36)

1.00 (ref)

0.61 (0.20, 1.82)

1.39 (0.47, 4.09)

1.10 (0.42, 2.94)

0.65

 

Diabetes

0.92 (0.76, 1.12)

1.00 (ref)

1.01 (0.48, 2.10)

0.83 (0.38, 1.86)

0.72 (0.31, 1.69)

0.34

 

Hypertension

0.85

Yes

1.10 (0.99, 1.22)

1.00 (ref)

1.28 (0.85, 1.94)

0.92 (0.60, 1.39)

1.39 (0.89, 2.16)

0.18

 

No

1.06 (0.94, 1.19)

1.00 (ref)

1.22 (0.73, 2.03)

1.10 (0.66, 1.83)

1.35 (0.83, 2.18)

0.32

 
  1. All models were adjusted for urinary creatinine, age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, family poverty-to-income ratio, HEI-2015, LTPA, smoking status, drink status, BMI, DMs and hypertension
  2. The bold values mean statistical significance
  3. Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio; CIs, confidence intervals; OA, osteoarthritis; 3-PBA, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid; Q, quartile; BMI, body mass index; LTPA, leisure-time physical activity; DMs, diabetes mellitus status
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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