Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants (N = 6528)
Characteristics | Non-OA (n = 5878) | OA (n = 650) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age years, mean | 42.69 | 59.72 | < 0.01 |
Urinary volume-based 3-PBA, n (%) | 0.04 | ||
Q1 | 1475 (26.14) | 140 (22.73) | Â |
Q2 | 1416 (24.82) | 156 (26.23) | Â |
Q3 | 1498 (24.73) | 153 (21.15) | Â |
Q4 | 1487 (24.31) | 201 (29.90) | Â |
Urinary creatinine-corrected 3-PBA, n (%) | < 0.01 | ||
Q1 | 1523 (26.36) | 117 (18.01) | Â |
Q2 | 1485 (25.15) | 145 (22.98) | Â |
Q3 | 1448 (24.43) | 185 (26.57) | Â |
Q4 | 1420 (24.05) | 203 (32.44) | Â |
Sex, n (%) | < 0.01 | ||
Male | 3054 (51.51) | 220 (31.33) | Â |
Female | 2824 (48.49) | 430 (68.67) | Â |
Race/ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.01 | ||
Hispanic | 1549 (14.49) | 91 (4.63) | Â |
Non-Hispanic black | 1172 (10.56) | 87 (5.89) | Â |
Non-Hispanic white | 2644 (68.46) | 436 (84.44) | Â |
Others race | 513 (6.50) | 36 (5.04) | Â |
Education, n (%) | 0.31 | ||
Less than high school graduate | 1418 (16.08) | 125 (13.56) | Â |
High school graduate or GED | 1297 (21.56) | 140 (20.56) | Â |
Some college or above | 3163 (62.36) | 385 (65.87) | Â |
Family income–to-poverty ratio | < 0.01 | ||
< 1.30 | 1829 (21.73) | 164 (15.12) |  |
1.30–3.49 | 2134 (33.91) | 258 (38.43) |  |
≥ 3.50 | 1915 (44.36) | 228 (46.45) |  |
BMI (kg/m2) | < 0.01 | ||
< 25 | 1910 (93.23) | 132 (6.77) |  |
≥ 25 | 3968 (87.80) | 518 (12.20) |  |
Smoking status, n (%) | < 0.01 | ||
Never | 3245 (55.59) | 309 (48.53) | Â |
Former | 1290 (21.77) | 231 (36.13) | Â |
Current | 1343 (22.64) | 110 (15.34) | Â |
Alcohol, n (%) | < 0.01 | ||
Never | 800 (11.51) | 95 (13.08) | Â |
Former | 959 (13.53) | 156 (21.88) | Â |
Mild | 1839 (34.32) | 239 (38.72) | Â |
Moderate | 942 (16.98) | 97 (15.51) | Â |
Heavy | 1338 (23.66) | 63 (10.81) | Â |
LTPA, n (%) | 0.13 | ||
Inactive | 2654 (43.84) | 339 (47.38) | Â |
Active | 3224 (56.16) | 311 (52.62) | Â |
Hypertension, n (%) | < 0.01 | ||
No | 3828 (70.14) | 221 (39.69) | Â |
Yes | 2050 (29.86) | 429 (60.31) | Â |
DMs, n (%) | < 0.01 | ||
Normal | 4699 (84.67) | 431 (72.39) | Â |
Prediabetes | 412 (6.19) | 62 (9.15) | Â |
Diabetes | 765 (9.14) | 157 (18.46) | Â |