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Table 11 Common foods selected as the lowest cost items for each food group, 2011–2020

From: Cost and affordability of a healthy diet for urban populations in Thailand and the Philippines before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Bangkok

Manila

Food group

Food item

Frequency ( n  = 120)

Food item

Frequency ( n  = 120)

Cheapest

Second cheapest

Cheapest

Second cheapest

Staples

Rice khaosan new

120

0

Regular milled rice

43

28

Rice khaosan general

0

119

Yellow corngrits

3

4

Rice pure new

0

1

Premium rice

55

14

   

Well milled rice

12

45

   

Special rice

2

24

   

Irish potato

5

0

   

Cocoyam

0

5

Protein foods

Mackerel 9 piece

28

92

Threadfin bream fish

111

8

Mackerel 3 piece

92

26

Tilapia fish

9

71

Chicken offalls

0

2

Slipmouth fish

0

37

   

Tuna fish

0

2

   

Dressed chicken

0

1

   

Snap beans

0

1

Vegetables

Cauliflower mixed

12

20

Sweet potato leaves

120

0

Cabbage mixed

6

9

Cabbage

0

109

Cantonese mixed

3

3

Water spinach

0

4

Baby corn

28

46

Hawaiian ginger

0

5

Lettuce

1

4

Bitter gourd

0

1

Water spinach mixed

4

7

Carrots

0

1

Green gourd

66

29

   

Kale mix

0

1

   

Beets mixed

0

1

   

Fruit

Pineapple 3 piece

40

30

Philippine lemon

70

50

Golden banana medium

73

24

Mandarin orange

50

50

Cultivated banana/hand

7

46

Saba banana

0

13

Watermelon

0

1

Pineapple

0

5

Pineapple 2 piece

0

11

Mango

0

2

Golden banana big

0

7

   

Mangosteen

0

1

   

Oil

Palm oil bag

115

1

 

-

-

Palm oil bottle

5

102

 

-

-

Coconut oil pail

0

9

 

-

-

Soybean oil

0

3

 

-

-

Soybean oil 1 kg

0

4

 

-

-

Chicken egg

    

120

 
  1. Sources: Food items and prices from the DoIT [54] and PSA [55]