Table 5 Pearson's chi-square test analysis of unhealthy lifestyles clustering among different participants

School type

 Middle school

99(9.9)

67(67.4)

228(22.7)

118.568

 < 0.001**

 High school

35(3.4)

843(82.0)

150(14.6)

 Vocational high school

80(9.5)

543(64.3)

222(26.2)

 University

23(3.0)

589(77.5)

148(19.5)

Gender

 Male

142(8.0)

1202(67.4)

439(24.6)

53.74

 < 0.001**

 Female

95(5.1)

1450(78.2)

309(16.7)

Residence

 Country

109(5.1)

1556(72.6)

478(22.3)

5.246

 < 0.001**

 City

128(8.6)

1096(73.4)

270(18.0)

Family population

 1–3

30(6.7)

314(69.9)

105(23.4)

5.246

0.263

 4–5

159(6.9)

1703(73.4)

457(19.7)

 6–15

48(5.5)

635(73.1)

186(21.4)

Only child

 Yes

37(8.4)

314(70.7)

93(20.9)

2.932

0.231

 No

200(6.3)

2338(73.2)

655(20.5)

Father`s educational level

 Primary school and below

35(5.2)

474(71.0)

159(23.8)

8.018

0.091

 Middle school

108(6.5)

1210(73.0)

340(20.5)

 Senior high school and above

94(7.2)

968(73.8)

49(19.0)

Mother`s educational level

 Primary school and below

45(4.6)

709(72.9)

218(22.5)

10.005

0.04*

 Middle school

104(7.0)

1092(73.4)

291(19.6)

 Senior high school and above

88(7.5)

851(72.2)

239(20.3)

Close friends

 0

5(7.5)

42(62.7)

20(29.8)

32.107

 < 0.001**

 1–2

46(4.6)

753(75.6)

197(19.8)

 3–5

101(5.8)

1286(73.9)

353(20.3)

  > 6

85(10.2)

571(68.5)

178(21.3)

Self-reported family income

 Low

37(5.5)

465(69.1)

171(25.4)

38.306

 < 0.001**

 Moderate

155(6.0)

1949(75.0)

495(19.0)

 High

45(12.3)

238(65.2)

82(22.5)

Self-reported study burden

 Light

20(10.8)

116(62.4)

50(26.8)

15.158

0.004*

 Moderate

149(6.9)

1604(73.3)

434(19.8)

 Heavy

68(5.4)

932(73.7)

264(20.9)