Table 1 Dietary behaviors among the participants (N = 3637)
Variables | Eat Fast food ≥ 3 times/w | Eat Breakfast < 7d/w | Eat Vegetables < 2 times/d | Eat Fruit < 3 times/d | Eat Dried fruits < 3 times/d | Drink SSB ≥ 1 time/w | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | |
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||||||
School type | ||||||||||||
Middle school | 108(10.8) | 896(89.2) | 476(47.4) | 528(52.6) | 447(44.5) | 557(55.0) | 772(76.9) | 232(23.1) | 941(93.7) | 63(6.3) | 747(74.4) | 257(25.6) |
High school | 39(3.8) | 989(96.2) | 410(39.9) | 618(60.1) | 699(68.0) | 329(32.0) | 905(88.0) | 123(12.0) | 992(96.5) | 36(3.5) | 791(76.9) | 237(23.1) |
Vocational High school | 91(10.8) | 754(89.2) | 310(36.7) | 535(63.3) | 463(54.8) | 382(45.2) | 754(89.2) | 91(10.8) | 819(96.9) | 26(3.1) | 680(80.5) | 165(19.5) |
University | 225(29.6) | 535(70.4) | 445(58.6) | 315(41.4) | 351(46.2) | 409(53.8) | 654(86.1) | 106(13.9) | 745(98.0) | 15(2.0) | 576(75.8) | 184(24.2) |
χ2 | 275.146** | 93.164** | 136.218** | 70.933** | 24.881** | 10.092* | ||||||
Gender | ||||||||||||
Male | 239(13.4) | 1544(86.6) | 761(42.7) | 1022(57.3) | 859(48.2) | 924(51.8) | 1528(85.7) | 255(14.3) | 1695(95.1) | 88(4.9) | 1308(73.4) | 475(26.6) |
Female | 224(12.1) | 1630(87.9) | 880(47.5) | 974(52.5) | 1101(59.4) | 753(40.6) | 1557(84.0) | 297(16.0) | 1802(97.2) | 52(2.8) | 1486(80.2) | 368(19.8) |
χ2 | 1.431 | 8.401* | 45.948** | 2.083 | 11.149** | 23.544** | ||||||
Residence | ||||||||||||
Country | 255(11.9) | 1888(88.1) | 955(44.6) | 1188(55.4) | 1194(55.7) | 949(44.3) | 1885(88.0) | 258(12.0) | 2085(97.3) | 58(2.7) | 1664(77.6) | 479(22.4) |
City | 208(13.9) | 1286(86.1) | 686(45.9) | 808(54.1) | 766(51.3) | 728(48.7) | 1200(80.3) | 294(19.7) | 1412(94.5) | 82(5.5) | 1130(75.6) | 364(24.4) |
χ2 | 3.243 | 0.651 | 6.998* | 39.907** | 18.41** | 2.002 | ||||||
Family population | ||||||||||||
1–3 | 71(15.8) | 378(84.2) | 209(46.5) | 240(53.5) | 226(50.3) | 223(49.7) | 369(82.2) | 80(17.8) | 429(95.5) | 20(4.5) | 331(73.7) | 118(26.3) |
4–5 | 311(13.4) | 2008(86.6) | 1037(44.7) | 1282(55.3) | 1243(53.6) | 1076(46.4) | 1959(84.5) | 360(15.5) | 2228(96.1) | 91(3.9) | 1793(77.3) | 526(22.7) |
6–15 | 81(9.3) | 788(90.7) | 395(45.5) | 474(54.5) | 491(56.5) | 378(43.5) | 757(87.1) | 112(12.9) | 840(96.7) | 29(3.3) | 670(77.1) | 199(22.9) |
χ2 | 13.899** | 0.561 | 4.748 | 6.184* | 1.095 | 2.785 | ||||||
Only child | ||||||||||||
Yes | 74(16.7) | 370(83.3) | 209(47.1) | 235(52.9) | 224(50.5) | 220(49.5) | 364(82.0) | 80(18.0) | 418(94.1) | 26(5.9) | 330(74.3) | 114(25.7) |
No | 389(12.2) | 2804(87.8) | 1432(44.8) | 1761(55.2) | 1736(54.4) | 1457(45.6) | 2721(85.2) | 472(14.8) | 3079(96.4) | 114(3.6) | 2464(77.2) | 729(22.8) |
χ2 | 7.054* | 0.779 | 2.049 | 3.17 | 5.502* | 1.771 | ||||||
Father`s educational level | ||||||||||||
Primary school and below | 66(9.9) | 602(90.1) | 286(42.8) | 382(57.2) | 369(55.2) | 299(44.8) | 590(88.3) | 78(11.7) | 647(96.9) | 21(3.1) | 500(74.9) | 168(25.1) |
Middle school | 194(11.7) | 1464(88.3) | 755(45.5) | 903(54.5) | 907(54.7) | 751(45.3) | 1412(85.2) | 246(14.8) | 1607(96.9) | 51(3.1) | 1294(78.0) | 364(22.0) |
Senior high school and above | 203(15.5) | 1108(84.5) | 600(45.8) | 711(54.2) | 684(52.2) | 627(47.8) | 1083(82.6) | 228(17.4) | 1243(94.8) | 68(5.2) | 1000(76.3) | 311(23.7) |
χ2 | 15.416** | 1.772 | 2.486 | 11.499* | 9.915* | 3.071 | ||||||
Mother`s educational level | ||||||||||||
Primary school and below | 108(11.1) | 864(88.9) | 422(43.4) | 550(56.6) | 538(55.3) | 434(44.7) | 864(88.9) | 108(11.1) | 940(96.7) | 32(3.3) | 738(75.9) | 234(24.1) |
Middle school | 162(10.9) | 1325(89.1) | 679(45.7) | 808(54.3) | 813(54.7) | 674(45.3) | 1262(84.9) | 225(15.1) | 1440(96.8) | 47(3.2) | 1165(78.3) | 322(21.7) |
Senior high school and above | 193(16.4) | 985(83.6) | 540(45.8) | 638(54.2) | 609(51.7) | 569(48.3) | 959(81.4) | 219(18.6) | 1117(94.8) | 61(5.2) | 891(75.6) | 287(24.4) |
χ2 | 20.958** | 1.564 | 3.48 | 23.148** | 8.341* | 3.307 | ||||||
Close friends | ||||||||||||
0 | 5(7.5) | 62(92.5) | 36(53.7) | 31(46.3) | 35(52.2) | 32(47.8) | 58(86.6) | 9(13.4) | 66(98.5) | 1(1.5) | 44(65.7) | 23(34.3) |
1–2 | 104(10.4) | 892(89.6) | 520(52.2) | 476(47.8) | 591(59.3) | 405(40.7) | 863(86.6) | 133(13.4) | 971(97.5) | 25(2.5) | 735(73.8) | 261(26.2) |
3–5 | 231(13.3) | 1509(86.7) | 756(43.4) | 984(56.6) | 931(53.5) | 809(46.5) | 1493(85.8) | 247(14.2) | 1694(97.4) | 46(2.6) | 1369(78.7) | 371(21.3) |
> 6 | 123(14.7) | 711(85.3) | 329(39.4) | 505(60.6) | 403(48.3) | 431(51.7) | 671(80.5) | 163(19.5) | 766(91.8) | 68(8.2) | 646(77.5) | 188(22.5) |
χ2 | 9.892* | 35.017** | 22.479** | 16.39** | 54.411** | 13.359* | ||||||
Self-reported family income | ||||||||||||
Low | 89(13.2) | 584(86.8) | 333(49.5) | 340(50.5) | 366(54.4) | 307(45.6) | 595(88.4) | 78(11.6) | 656(97.5) | 17(2.5) | 496(73.7) | 177(26.3) |
Moderate | 320(12.3) | 2279(87.7) | 1148(44.2) | 1451(56.2) | 1424(54.8) | 1175(45.2) | 2216(85.3) | 383(14.7) | 2502(96.3) | 97(3.7) | 2003(77.1) | 596(22.9) |
High | 54(14.8) | 311(85.2) | 160(43.8) | 205(59.7) | 170(46.6) | 195(53.4) | 274(75.1) | 91(24.9) | 339(92.9) | 26(7.1) | 295(80.8) | 70(19.2) |
χ2 | 1.956 | 6.355* | 8.773* | 34.096** | 13.851** | 7.052* | ||||||
Self-reported study burden | ||||||||||||
Light | 29(15.6) | 157(84.4) | 75(40.3) | 111(59.7) | 77(41.4) | 109(58.6) | 145(78.0) | 41(22.0) | 173(93.0) | 13(7.0) | 135(72.6) | 51(27.4) |
Moderate | 274(12.5) | 1913(87.5) | 948(43.3) | 1239(56.7) | 1164(53.2) | 1023(46.8) | 1864(85.2) | 323(14.8) | 2104(96.2) | 83(3.8) | 1692(77.4) | 495(22.6) |
Heavy | 160(12.7) | 1104(87.3) | 618(48.9) | 646(51.1) | 719(56.9) | 545(43.1) | 1076(85.1) | 188(14.9) | 1220(96.5) | 44(3.5) | 967(76.5) | 297(23.5) |
χ2 | 1.457 | 11.769* | 16.629** | 7.184* | 5.435 | 2.315 | ||||||