Table 2 Theoretical underpinning of self-care assessment tools
From: Tools for measuring individual self-care capability: a scoping review
Tool | Year | Items | Theoretical underpinning |
|---|---|---|---|
PULSES [37] | 1957 | 6 | Unspecified |
Barthel Index (BI) [38] | 1958 | 10 | Unspecified |
Rapid Disability Rating Scale [39] | 1967 | 16 | Unspecified |
Physical & Mental Impairment of Function Evaluation (PAMIE) [40] | 1972 | 77 | Self-Care of Chronic Illness Theory |
Kenny Self-Care Evaluation (KSCE) [41] | 1973 | 85 | Unspecified |
McMaster Health Index Questionnaire (MHIQ) [42] | 1976 | 59 | Unspecified |
Social Functioning Schedule (SFS) Semi structured interview [25] | 1979 | 121 | Unspecified- previous work with interview formats used for content of schedule |
Exercise of Self-Care Agency scale (ESCA) [44] | 1979 | 43 | Orem's theory of self-care |
Denyes Self- Care Practice Instrument (DSCPI-90) [45] | 1980 | 18 | Orem's theory of self-care |
Denyes Self-Care Agency Instrument (DSCAI-90) [46] | 1980 | 34 | Orem's theory of self-care |
Modified Barthel Index (MBI) [47] | 1981 | 15 | Item Response Theory (IRT) |
Functional Status Rating System (FSRS) [48] | 1981 | 30 | Unspecified- based on method developed by the Hospitalization Utilization Project of Pennsylvania (HUP) |
Perceived Self-Care Agency Questionnaire (PSCAQ) [49] | 1981 | 53 | Orem's theory of self-care |
Rapid Disability Rating Scale (RDRS-2) [51] | 1982 | 18 | Unspecified- Successor of RDRS-1967 |
Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills (PASS) [52] | 1984 | 26 | Unspecified- but combines two conceptual foundations of assessment: interactive assessment & graduated prompting |
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) [53] | 1987 | 18 | Unspecified |
1988 | 40 | Orem's theory of self-care | |
Appraisal of Self-Care Agency Scale–version A (ASA-A) [31] | 1991 | 24 | Orem’s theory of self-care |
Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) [56] | 1992 | 36 | Unspecified |
EuroQol EQ-5D Quality of Life Scale [34] | 1993 | 5 | Unspecified |
Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II) [57] | 1966 | 52 | Pender’s Health Promotion Model |
Strategies Used by People to Promote Health (SUPPH) [58] | 1996 | 29 | Self-efficacy theory |
Self-Care Ability Scale for the Elderly (SASE) [59] | 1996 | 53 | Pörn’s theory of health and adaptedness |
Quality of Well-Being Scale (QWB) [60] | 1996 | 71 | The General Health Policy Model |
1998 | 56 | Orem's theory of self-care | |
Patient Activation Measure (PAM) [61] | 2004 | 22 | Consumer driven health care & Chronic Illness Care Model |
Patient Activation Measure (PAM)-13 [19] | 2005 | 13 | Consumer driven health care & Chronic Illness Care Model |
Self-Care of Home-Dwelling Elderly (SCHDE) [30] | 2007 | 82 | Middle-range theory of self-care in home-dwelling elderly |
Therapeutic Self-Care (TSC) [62] | 2014 | 12 | Unspecified |
Self-Management Screening (SeMaS) [32] | 2015 | 27 | Unspecified- Derived from validated questionnaires |
Appraisal of Self-Care Agency Scale – Revised (ASA-R) [29] | 2017 | 15 | Orem's theory of self-care |
Mindful Self-Care Scale (MSCS) [63] | 2018 | 42 | Attuned representational model of self (ARMS) |
Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory (SCCII) [36] | 2018 | 10 | The Middle Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness |
Consumer Health Activation Index (CHAI) [64] | 2018 | 10 | Centred on activation |
Making it CLEAR (MiC) questionnaire [26] | 2021 | 34 | Centred on resilience |
Self-Care Activities Screening Scale (SASS-14) [35] | 2021 | 14 | Seven Pillars of Self-Care framework |
Self-Care Self-Efficacy (SCSE) Scale [65] | 2021 | 10 | Middle Range Theory of Self-care of Chronic Illness |
Self-Care Inventory – Patient Version [33] | 2022 | 20 | Self-care of Chronic Illness Theory |