Skip to main content

Table 3 Association between cumulative SDOH risk and HALex-based outcomes, stratified by sex and race/ethnicity; National Health Interview Survey 2013–2017

From: Cumulative social disadvantage and health-related quality of life: national health interview survey 2013–2017

Stratifying variable

Cumulative SDOH

HALex score

(β, 95% CI)

Poor HALex

(OR, 95% CI)

Sex

Male

SDoH index*

-0.006 (-0.007, -0.006)

1.12 (1.11, 1.13)

SDOH-Q1

Reference

Reference

SDOH-Q2

-0.029 (-0.033, -0.025)

2.00 (1.79, 2.44)

SDOH-Q3

-0.045 (-0.049, -0.042)

2.86 (2.59, 3.15)

SDOH-Q4

-0.089 (-0.094, -0.084)

5.38 (4.83, 6.00)

Female

SDoH index*

-0.006 (-0.006, -0.006)

1.11 (1.10, 1.11)

SDOH-Q1

Reference

Reference

SDOH-Q2

-0.028 (-0.032, -0.024)

1.77 (1.61, 1.94)

SDOH-Q3

-0.042 (-0.046, -0.039)

2.43 (2.24, 2.64)

SDOH-Q4

-0.085 (-0.089, -0.080)

4.66 (4.25, 5.10)

Age group

 

18–39 years

SDoH index*

-0.004 (-0.004, -0.004)

1.08 (1.07, 1.09)

SDOH-Q1

Reference

Reference

SDOH-Q2

-0.020 (-0.025, -0.016)

2.06 (1.69, 2.52)

SDOH-Q3

-0.027 (-0.030, -0.023)

2.43 (2.06, 2.86)

SDOH-Q4

-0.055 (-0.060, -0.050)

4.02 (3.39, 4.77)

40–54 years

SDoH index*

-0.006 (-0.007, -0.006)

1.12 (1.11, 1.12)

SDOH-Q1

Reference

Reference

SDOH-Q2

-0.019 (-0.024, -0.014)

1.86 (1.58, 2.18)

SDOH-Q3

-0.033 (-0.038, -0.029)

2.46 (2.14, 2.83)

SDOH-Q4

-0.087 (-0.093, -0.081)

5.20 (4.51, 6.00)

55–64 years

SDoH index*

-0.009 (-0.009, -0.008)

1.13 (1.12, 1.14)

SDOH-Q1

Reference

Reference

SDOH-Q2

-0.025 (-0.032, -0.019)

1.70 (1.46, 1.98)

SDOH-Q3

-0.058 (-0.064, -0.051)

2.69 (3.04, 3.06)

SDOH-Q4

-0.125 (-0.135, -0.116)

5.65 (4.91, 6.50)

≥ 65 years

SDoH index*

-0.010 (-0.011, -0.009)

1.12 (1.11, 1.13)

SDOH-Q1

Reference

Reference

SDOH-Q2

-0.048 (-0.055, -0.041)

1.79 (1.61, 1.96)

SDOH-Q3

-0.066 (-0.074, -0.058)

2.25 (2.03, 2.50)

SDOH-Q4

-0.122 (-0.137, -0.107)

3.73 (3.23, 4.30)

Race/ethnicity

Non-Hispanic White

SDoH index*

-0.007 (-0.007, -0.007)

1.12 (1.11, 1.13)

SDOH-Q1

Reference

Reference

SDOH-Q2

-0.027 (-0.031, -0.024)

1.85 (1.70, 2.00)

SDOH-Q3

-0.043 (-0.046, -0.040)

2.56 (2.38, 2.75)

SDOH-Q4

-0.094 (-0.099, -0.089)

5.09 (4.67, 5.56)

Non-Hispanic Black

SDoH index*

-0.007 (-0.007, -0.006)

1.11 (1.10, 1.12)

SDOH-Q1

Reference

Reference

SDOH-Q2

-0.036 (-0.046, -0.026)

2.05 (1.63, 2.60)

SDOH-Q3

-0.049 (-0.057, -0.042)

2.68 (2.23, 3.21)

SDOH-Q4

-0.100 (-0.109, -0.091)

5.41 (4.46, 6.57)

Non-Hispanic Asian

SDoH index*

-0.006 (-0.007, -0.005)

1.14 (1.11, 1.16)

SDOH-Q1

Reference

Reference

SDOH-Q2

-0.029 (-0.039, -0.019)

1.58 (1.05, 2.38)

SDOH-Q3

-0.039 (-0.047, -0.031)

3.19 (2.31, 4.39)

SDOH-Q4

-0.069 (-0.082, -0.056)

5.02 (3.65, 6.90)

Hispanic

SDoH index*

-0.004 (-0.005, -0.004)

1.08 (1.07, 1.09)

SDOH-Q1

Reference

Reference

SDOH-Q2

-0.023 (-0.033, -0.014)

1.95 (1.44, 2.63)

SDOH-Q3

-0.034 (-0.041, -0.027)

2.31 (1.80, 2.97)

SDOH-Q4

-0.064 (-0.070, -0.057)

4.06 (3.21, 5.11)

  1. * Estimate for 1-unit increase in cumulative SDoH index
  2. Notes: HALex scores were assessed with two-part models. Poor HALex was assessed with logistic regression. Results of ‘Other’ race/ethnicity group not shown due to limited sample size
  3. All models adjusted for age, sex, or race/ethnicity (where appropriate), smoking history, obesity, arthritis, cancer, chronic liver disease, coronary heart disease, COPD, diabetes, hypertension, kidney failure, stroke, Kessler-6 score, and US geographic region of residence
  4. Abbreviations: β – beta coefficient; HALex – Health and Activity Limitation index; OR – odds ratio; SDoH-Q – quartile group of cumulative social determinants of health index