Table 4 Overall odds ratio estimates from separate proportional odds regression models examining the association between exposure to McDonald’s, KFC and Subway marketing and preference for each respective brand among youth in six countries

Country

 Canada

[ref]

[ref]

[ref]

[ref]

[ref]

[ref]

 Chile

0.55

(0.42, 0.71)^a

1.40

(1.09, 1.79)^a

0.48

(0.36, 0.62)^a

 Mexico

0.76

(0.58, 0.99)^a

2.71

(2.03, 3.62)^a

0.53

(0.41, 0.69)^a

 United States

1.34

(1.02, 1.75)^a

2.23

(1.74, 2.87)^a

1.24

(0.93, 1.65)

 United Kingdom

1.46

(1.10, 1.95)^a

2.34

(1.81, 3.04)^a

0.87

(0.67, 1.14)

 Australia

1.09

(0.83, 1.44)

3.06

(2.36, 3.98)^a

0.74

(0.57, 0.97)^a

Age

0.89

(0.86, 0.93)^a

0.94

(0.91, 0.97)

1.03

(0.99, 1.06)

Sex

 Male

[ref]

[ref]

[ref]

[ref]

[ref]

[ref]

 Female

0.96

(0.81, 1.13)

0.73

(0.62, 0.85)^a

1.03

(0.87, 1.21)

Ethnicity

 Majority

[ref]

[ref]

[ref]

[ref]

[ref]

[ref]

 Minority

0.98

(0.79, 1.22)

1.13

(0.91, 1.39)

0.95

(0.77, 1.18)

Income Adequacy

 Not enough money

[ref]

[ref]

[ref]

[ref]

[ref]

[ref]

 Enough money

0.84

(0.68, 1.03)

1.02

(0.84, 1.23)

1.09

(0.90, 1.32)

Marketing Exposure to respective brand

 Not exposed

[ref]

[ref]

[ref]

[ref]

[ref]

[ref]

 Exposed

2.32

(1.92, 2.79)^a

2.28

(1.95, 2.68)^a

2.75

(2.32, 3.27)^a