Table 3 Odds ratio estimates from separate proportional odds regression models stratified by country examining the association between general exposure to fast food marketing and preference for McDonald’s, KFC and Subway among youth in six countries

General Exposure to Fast Food Marketing and Preference for McDonald’s

Age

0.87

(0.82, 0.93)^a

0.89

(0.80, 0.99)^a

0.90

(0.80, 1.02)

0.88

(0.79, 0.98)^a

0.92

(0.83, 1.11)

0.89

(0.80, 0.98)^a

Sex

 Male

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 Female

0.91

(0.69, 1.20)

0.65

(0.39, 1.07)

0.97

(0.59, 1.59)

1.06

(0.67, 1.68)

1.19

(0.75, 1.88)

0.86

(0.55, 1.34)

Ethnicity

 Majority

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 Minority

0.83

(0.60, 1.13)

1.08

(0.57, 2.06)

0.63

(0.29, 1.36)

1.35

(0.84, 2.19)

1.12

(0.58, 2.17)

1.22

(0.62, 2.40)

Income Adequacy

 Not enough money

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 Enough money

0.84

(0.57, 1.26)

0.84

(0.49, 1.44)

0.94

(0.54, 1.66)

0.68

(0.40, 1.16)

1.01

(0.62, 1.66)

0.67

(0.40, 1.11)

General Exposure to FF Marketing

 Never

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 ≥ 2x/week

2.02

(1.30, 3.15)^a

2.02

(1.06, 3.86)^a

2.20

(1.16, 4.18)^a

2.28

(1.10, 4.71)^a

1.24

(0.39, 3.89)

1.68

(0.72, 3.89)

 ≤ 1x/week

1.39

(0.85, 2.30)

1.19

(0.54, 2.60)

1.50

(0.75, 3.00)

2.78

(1.17, 6.64)^a

1.22

(0.37, 4.04)

1.48

(0.60, 3.66)

General Exposure to Fast Food Marketing and Preference for KFC

Age

0.89

(0.84, 0.94)^a

0.99

(0.90, 1.10)

0.98

(0.87, 1.09)

1.01

(0.92, 1.11)

0.99

(0.88, 1.11)

0.93

(0.85, 1.02)

Sex

 Male

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 Female

0.55

(0.44, 0.71)^a

0.51

(0.32, 0.83)^a

0.95

(0.61, 1.49)

0.95

(0.62, 1.45)

0.91

(0.55, 1.51)

0.88

(0.57, 1.35)

Ethnicity

 Majority

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 Minority

1.37

(1.03, 1.83)^a

0.96

(0.50, 1.85)

1.08

(0.52, 2.26)

1.23

(0.79, 1.89)

0.61

(0.31, 1.19)

1.51

(0.76, 3.02)

Income Adequacy

 Not enough money

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 Enough money

0.78

(0.57, 1.07)

0.90

(0.52, 1.55)

0.97

(0.60, 1.56)

1.44

(0.91, 2.30)

1.47

(0.85, 2.54)

1.13

(0.71, 1.79)

General Exposure to FF Marketing

 Never

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 ≥ 2x/week

1.33

(0.88, 2.01)

2.15

(1.13, 4.06)^a

1.99

(1.04, 3.78)^a

0.95

(0.42, 2.14)

1.53

(0.52, 4.56)

2.34

(1.01, 5.44)^a

 ≤ 1x/week

1.38

(0.87, 2.19)

2.81

(1.23, 6.41)^a

1.60

(0.80, 3.21)

0.94

(0.37, 2.39)

1.33

(0.41, 4.36)

1.69

(0.67, 4.26)

General Exposure to Fast Food Marketing and Preference for Subway

Age

0.99

(0.92, 1.06)

1.10

(1.00, 1.22)

0.99

(0.90, 1.09)

1.04

(0.93, 1.17)

1.05

(0.95, 1.15)

1.03

(0.93, 1.13)

Sex

 Male

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 Female

0.95

(0.70, 1.29)

1.12

(0.73, 1.74)

1.57

(1.02, 2.41)^a

0.96

(0.58, 1.58)

1.03

(0.68, 1.56)

1.01

(0.64, 1.58)

Ethnicity

 Majority

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 Minority

0.90

(0.64, 1.27)

0.97

(0.54, 1.72)

1.95

(0.92, 4.15)

0.78

(0.46, 1.30)

0.98

(0.52, 1.84)

0.97

(0.47, 1.99)

Income Adequacy

 Not enough money

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 Enough money

1.01

(0.69, 1.49)

0.88

(0.53, 1.47)

0.79

(0.48, 1.31)

0.99

(0.58, 1.71)

1.38

(0.86, 2.22)

1.93

(1.20, 3.11)^a

General Exposure to FF Marketing

 Never

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  ≥ 2x/week

1.25

(0.75, 2.07)

1.84

(0.97, 3.49)

1.99

(1.10, 3.61)^a

1.88

(0.77, 4.58)

2.80

(1.33, 5.91)^a

1.57

(0.74, 3.33)

  ≤ 1x/week

1.10

(0.62, 1.96)

1.23

(0.60, 2.50)

1.43

(0.74, 2.79)

1.32

(0.45, 3.81)

2.48

(1.06, 5.82)^a

2.02

(0.88, 4.64)