Risk factors for newly-developed cardiovascular disease and quality of life during the COVID − 19 pandemic: an analysis of the English longitudinal study of ageing

Table 2 Results of univariate analyses for all of the primary outcome models

	Change in Newly-developed CVD				Change in Quality of life score
	Wave 9 to Wave 1		COVID Wave 1 to Wave 2		Wave 9 to Wave 1		COVID Wave 1 to Wave 2
	χ²	P	χ²	P	F	P	F	P
Age	27.77	< 0.001	15.11	< 0.001	8.42	0.004	0.15	0.697
BMI	13.54	0.004	20.88	< 0.001	2.36	0.069	0.89	0.448
CES-D-SF	36.20	< 0.001	8.09	0.005	25.65	< 0.001	0.62	0.430
Deprivation score	14.63	< 0.001	0.82	0.364	19.55	< 0.001	0.28	0.594
Highest educational qualification	22.63	0.001	19.15	0.004	0.92	0.477	1.27	0.269
Living alone	13.68	< 0.001	0.91	0.340	55.04	< 0.001	0.05	0.830
Mild physical activity	15.95	0.001	3.54	0.316	30.32	< 0.001	1.07	0.359
Moderate physical activity	45.37	< 0.001	11.67	0.009	35.16	< 0.001	0.42	0.741
Vigorous physical activity	32.98	< 0.001	11.39	0.010	8.40	< 0.001	0.42	0.736
Sex	5.35	0.021	0.06	0.801	33.90	< 0.001	0.16	0.694
Smoking status	35.02	< 0.001	4.67	0.097	3.70	0.025	0.52	0.596
Newly-developed CVD	NA	NA	NA	NA	25.57	< 0.001	0.01	0.925

Abbreviations: BMI = Body Mass Index; CES-D-SF = Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale - Short Form; COVID = Coronavirus Infectious Disease; CVD = Cardiovascular Disease; NA = Not Applicable

ISSN: 1471-2458