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Table 3 Associations between intake of flavonoid levels and hyperuricemia, NHANES (2007–2010)

From: Association between dietary intake of flavonoids and hyperuricemia: a cross-sectional study

Variable

Hyperuricemia OR (95%CI)

Categorical variable

Continuous variable

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

p-trend

Ln-transformed

p-value

Isoflavones

 Model 1

Referent

 

0.63(0.43,0.92)

0.83(0.69,1.01)

0.80(0.65,0.98)

 < 0.01

0.87(0.78,0.97)

0.02

 Model 2

Referent

/

0.62(0.41,0.94)

0.82(0.67,1.02)

0.89(0.71,1.04)

 < 0.01

0.92(0.82,1.03)

0.15

 Model 3

Referent

/

0.64(0.42,0.98)

0.84(0.67,1.06)

0.91(0.71,1.15)

0.05

0.94(0.83,1.06)

0.27

Anthocyanidins

 Model 1

Referent

0.75(0.55,1.01)

0.85(0.70,1.02)

0.74(0.59,0.92)

0.68(0.54,0.85)

 < 0.01

0.91(0.85,0.97)

 < 0.01

 Model 2

Referent

0.70(0.51,0.96)

0.81(0.67,0.99)

0.70(0.56,0.89)

0.64(0.52,0.89)

 < 0.001

0.90(0.84,0.97)

0.01

 Model 3

Referent

0.73(0.52,1.00)

0.85(0.68,1.05)

0.74(0.57,0.95)

0.70(0.53,0.90)

 < 0.001

0.91(0.85,0.99)

0.02

Flavan-3-ols

 Model 1

Referent

0.86(0.67,1.12)

0.79(0.62,1.02)

0.80(0.59,1.07)

0.96(0.77,1.20)

0.65

1.01(0.97,1.04)

0.74

 Model 2

Referent

0.84(0.64,1.10)

0.78(0.61,1.00)

0.78(0.57,1.07)

0.92(0.75,1.14)

0.23

1.00(0.98,1.04)

0.90

 Model 3

Referent

0.86(0.64,1.16)

0.82(0.62,1.10)

0.84(0.59,1.21)

0.99(0.78,1.26)

0.95

1.01(0.98,1.05)

0.47

Flavanones

 Model 1

Referent

0.84(0.55,1.30)

0.87(0.72,1.06)

0.78(0.65,0.94)

0.73(0.59,0.90)

 < 0.01

0.94(0.89,0.98)

0.01

 Model 2

Referent

0.86(0.52,1.42)

0.87(0.69,1.09)

0.79(0.64,0.97)

0.70(0.55,0.90)

 < 0.01

0.93(0.88,0.98)

0.01

 Model 3

Referent

0.85(0.51,1.42)

0.89(0.70,1.13)

0.81(0.64,1.03)

0.72(0.54,0.94)

0.01

0.93(0.88,0.99)

0.04

Flavones

 Model 1

Referent

0.97(0.76,1.24)

0.86(0.69,1.09)

0.97(0.78,1.21)

0.96(0.76,1.21)

0.72

0.96(0.83,1.11)

0.56

 Model 2

Referent

0.90(0.70,1.15)

0.81(0.62,1.03)

0.74(0.56,0.97)

0.91(0.70,1.09)

0.52

0.94(0.80,1.12)

0.53

 Model 3

Referent

0.99(0.74,1.31)

0.86(0.64,1.15)

1.02(0.78,1.32)

0.97(0.73,1.30)

0.94

0.99(0.83,1.16)

0.88

Flavonols

 Model 1

Referent

0.91(0.75,1.11)

0.82(0.66,1.03)

1.07(0.89,1.29)

1.01(0.84,1.21)

0.35

1.02(0.96,1.09)

0.44

 Model 2

Referent

0.90(0.74,1.09)

0.80(0.63,1.01)

1.01(0.83,1.21)

0.95(0.77,1.16)

0.88

1.01(0.94,1.07)

0.87

 Model 3

Referent

0.93(0.76,1.15)

0.86(0.67,1.11)

1.14(0.92,1.41)

1.02(0.83,1.25)

0.25

1.03(0.96,1.10)

0.38

All of flavonoids

 Model 1

Referent

0.92(0.71,1.20)

0.83(0.66,1.05)

0.77(0.59,1.00)

0.95(0.78,1.15)

0.33

0.99(0.94,1.03)

0.51

 Model 2

Referent

0.87(0.68,1.11)

0.78(0.62,0.99)

0.70(0.53,0.91)

0.86(0.70,1.05)

0.28

0.98(0.94,1.02)

0.31

 Model 3

Referent

0.91(0.70,1.17)

0.84(0.64,1.09)

0.78(0.58,1.05)

0.78(0.59,1.05)

0.61

0.96(0.79,1.17)

0.70

  1. The dietary intake of flavonoids was categorized into five quintiles and tests for trend (p–trend) based on variable containing the median value for each quintile. ln-transformed flavonoids also were utilized as continuous variables for linear regression and p-value was used to test significance. Bold indicated statistically significant
  2. Model 1 was a crude model with no adjusted covariates; Model 2 was adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, poverty status, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and BMI; Model 3 was further adjusted for hyperlipidemia, CKD, DM, and hypertension based on Model 2
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