Table 6 Multivariable logistic regression estimates of the association between multimorbidity and food insecurity among socially disadvantaged people, 2017–18
Variables | Category | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
uOR | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | ||
Multimorbidity | No | Ref | Ref | |||
Yes | 1.22*** (1.04,1.45) | 1.28** (1.09,1.5) | 1.23** (1.05,1.43) | |||
Age (in years) | 45–59 | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
60 + | 0.96 (0.87,1.01) | 0.88** (0.80,0.97) | 0.88** (0.80,0.97) | |||
Gender | Female | Ref | Ref | |||
Male | 1.03 (0.92,1.16) | 1.02 (0.92,1.14) | 1.02 (0.92,1.14) | |||
Residence | Rural | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
Urban | 0.85** (0.76,0.95) | 0.92 (0.82,1.02) | 0.92 (0.82,1.02) | 0.92 (0.82,1.02) | ||
Education | No Education | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
less than 5 years | 1.02 (0.9,1.14) | 0.97 (0.87,1.09) | 0.97 (0.87,1.09) | 0.97 (0.87,1.09) | ||
5–9 years | 0.83** (0.73,0.94) | 0.83** (0.73,0.94) | 0.83** (0.73,0.94) | 0.83** (0.73,0.94) | ||
10 or more years | 0.82* (0.65,1.03) | 0.76* (0.62,0.95) | 0.76* (0.62,0.95) | 0.76* (0.62,0.94) | ||
Marital Status | Currently in union | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Not in union | 1.13** (1.01,1.28) | 1.08 (0.96,1.22) | 1.08 (0.96,1.22) | 1.09 (0.96,1.22) | ||
Living alone | No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Yes | 1.21 (1,1.47) | 1.27** (1.04,1.56) | 1.27** (1.04,1.55) | 1.27** (1.04,1.55) | ||
Currently working | Yes | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
No | 1.03 (0.93,1.14) | 0.98 (0.9,1.08) | 0.98 (0.9,1.08) | 0.98 (0.9,1.08) | ||
Religion | Hindu | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Muslim | 0.93 (0.74,1.16) | 0.92 (0.79,1.08) | 0.92 (0.78,1.08) | 0.92 (0.78,1.08) | ||
Others | 1.23* (1.01,1.51) | 1.25* (1.03,1.52) | 1.25* (1.03,1.52) | 1.25* (1.03,1.51) | ||
MPCE Quintile | Rich | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Poor | 1.16 *** (1.05,1.28) | 1.11* (1,1.23) | 1.11* (1,1.23) | 1.11* (1,1.23) | ||
Middle | 1.06 (0.92,1.21) | 1.02 (0.88,1.17) | 1.02 (0.88,1.17) | 1.01 (0.88,1.17) | ||
ADL disability | No | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
Yes | 1.2*** (1.06,1.37) | 1.21** (1.06,1.37) | 1.2** (1.06,1.37) | |||
IADL disability | No | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
Yes | 0.8*** (0.72,0.88) | 0.8*** (0.72,0.88) | 0.8*** (0.72,0.88) | |||
SRH | Good | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
Poor | 1.36*** (1.25,1.49) | 1.36*** (1.25,1.49) | 1.36*** (1.24,1.49) | |||
Current smoker | No | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
Yes | 1.06 (0.96,1.18) | 1.06 (0.96,1.18) | 1.06 (0.95,1.18) | |||
Alcohol use | No | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
Yes | 1.1* (0.99,1.23) | 1.1* (0.99,1.23) | 1.1* (0.98,1.23) | |||
Physical activity | Frequent | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
Ever | 1.25*** (1.12,1.39) | 1.25 (1.12,1.39) | 1.25*** (1.12,1.39) | |||
Never | 1.35*** (1.23,1.49) | 1.35 (1.23,1.49) | 1.35*** (1.23,1.49) | |||
Nutritional Status | Normal weight | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
Underweight | 1.18** (1.07,1.3) | 1.18** (1.07,1.3) | 1.18** (1.07,1.3) | |||
Overweight/obese | 0.86* (0.76,0.98) | 0.86* (0.76,0.98) | 0.87* (0.77,0.98) | |||
Regional geography | Central | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
North | 0.59*** (0.53,0.66) | 0.6*** (0.54,0.67) | 0.6*** (0.54,0.67) | 0.6*** (0.54,0.67) | ||
East | 0.8* (0.73,0.89) | 0.84** (0.76,0.93) | 0.84** (0.76,0.93) | 0.84** (0.76,0.93) | ||
Northeast | 0.93*** (0.82,1.05) | 1.02 (0.9,1.15) | 1.02 (0.9,1.15) | 1.01 (0.89,1.15) | ||
West | 0.62** (0.55,0.7) | 0.64*** (0.56,0.72) | 0.64 ***(0.56,0.72) | 0.63*** (0.56,0.72) | ||
South | 1.12*** (1,1.26) | 1.2** (1.06,1.35) | 1.2 **(1.06,1.35) | 1.19** (1.06,1.34) | ||
Multimorbidity # Age group | Yes # Aged 45–59 years | Ref | ||||
No # Aged 45–59 years | 0.77* (0.59,0.99) | |||||
No # Aged over 60 years | 0.69* (0.54,0.89) | |||||
Yes # Aged over 60 years | 0.83** (0.71,0.98) | |||||
Multimorbidity # Gender | Yes # Women | Ref | ||||
No # Women | 0.88 (0.72,1.08) | |||||
No # Men | 0.87 (0.71,1.05) | |||||
Yes # Men | 1.21** (1.02,1.43) | |||||
Pseudo R2 | 0.0011 | 0.0153 | 0.262 | 0.263 | 0.264 |