Table 2 Variable description

Gender

1 = Men

2 = Women

Age-group (in years)

1 = 45–59 (Middle-aged)

2 = 60 or more (Older aged)

Place of residence

1 = Urban

2 = Rural

Educational attainment

1 = No education

2 = Less than five years

3 = 5–10 years completed,

4 = 10 or more years of schooling

Marital status

1 = Not currently in marital union

2 = Currently in marital union

Religion

1 = Hindu

2 = Muslim

3 = Others

Monthly per capita expenditure (MPCE)

1 = Poor (representing poorest and poor)

2 = Middle

3 = Rich (representing richest and rich)

Physical activity

1 = Frequent

2 = Rare

3 = Never

Currently smoking

0 = No (Never/Not currently smoking

1 = Yes (Currently smoking)

Alcohol use

0 = No

1 = Yes

Nutritional status

1 = Underweight (BMI ≤ 18.4 kg/m²)

2 = Normal (BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m²)

3 = Overweight (BMI 25 to 29.9 kg/m²)

4 = Obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²)

Activities of daily living (ADL)

0 = No (No limitation in ADL)

1 = Yes (One or more limitation in ADL)

Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)

0 = No (No limitation in IADL)

1 = Yes (One or more limitation in IADL)

Regional geography

1 = North

2 = Central

3 = East

4 = Northeast

5 = West

6 = South