Table 1 Description of thematic analysis

Familiarization

The process by which researchers engage deeply with the transcribed data is known as immersion.

The audio recorded information was transcribed into a word document by the researchers, who then went through the data multiple times to become acquainted with it.

Coding

Coding refers to the act of labeling participants’ ideas with brief terms.

The researchers accomplished this by utilizing 2–3 word phrases that precisely conveyed the participants’ ideas across all 30 transcripts.

For example some of the codes included

“Vaccination centers”

“Vaccination effectiveness”

“Vaccination views”

“Vaccination misconceptions”

Searching for Themes

At this stage, pertinent coded data extracts are categorized and consolidated into thematic units.

The authors collectively determined the thematic categories based on the theoretical framework, and grouped all similar codes under each theme. For example suitable theme for the above codes was “vaccination knowledge”

Reviewing Themes

This process involves the authors reviewing and refining the themes.

All authors participated in this process, which involved removing duplicate themes and collapsing some themes. They also verified that the themes aligned with the chosen theoretical framework.

The two themes generated were.

“Vaccination knowledge” and “Vaccination barriers”

Defining and Naming Themes

This phase entails the adjustment and refinement of theme definitions.

The authors engaged in peer debriefing and consulted with experts in the field to finalize the themes. They also made certain that the process was not isolated from the theoretical framework. The two themes were

“Knowledge of mother on HPV vaccination”

And “Barriers to HPV vaccination in boys”

Producing the Report

this is the ultimate stage that entails presenting the themes in a coherent manner

In the results section, the authors logically presented the themes, bolstered by verbatim quotations from the participants.