Table 1 Characteristics of overall participants according to hypertension status in NHANES, 2009–2018. (N = 21,800)
From: The association of periodontal disease and oral health with hypertension, NHANES 2009–2018
Variables | Non-hypertension | Hypertension | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of participants | 10,783(49.46) | 11,017(50.54) | |||
Age, y, mean (SE) | 47.95(0.24) | 59.04(0.21) | < 0.001 | ||
Sex, N (%) | 0.015 | ||||
Male | 5140(46.74) | 5412(48.93) | |||
Female | 5643(53.26) | 5606(51.07) | |||
Race/ethnicity, N(%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Mexican American | 1753(9.21) | 1283(5.90) | |||
Other Hispanic | 1193(6.14) | 1060(4.90) | |||
Non-Hispanic White | 4363(67.38) | 4469(68.23) | |||
Non-Hispanic Black | 1742(8.35) | 2964(13.68) | |||
Other Race-Including Multi-Racial | 1732(8.91) | 1241(7.29) | |||
Smoking, N(%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 4520(42.01) | 5398(49.76) | |||
No | 6263(57.99) | 5619(50.24) | |||
Periodontal disease, N(%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 1905(16.47) | 2178(19.92) | |||
No | 8878(83.53) | 8839(80.08) | |||
Oral Health, N(%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Excellent/Very good | 3584(40.87) | 3185(34.83) | |||
Good | 3779(34.00) | 3757(34.00) | |||
Fair | 2374(17.53) | 2620(19.91) | |||
Poor | 1046(7.60) | 1455(11.27) | |||
Education, N(%) | < 0.001 | ||||
<High school | 2374(13.77) | 2923(17.13) | |||
High school | 2147(19.45) | 2669(25.11) | |||
>High school | 6252(66.74) | 5407(57.66) | |||
Missing | 10(0.01) | 18(0.11) | |||
BMI, N(%) | < 0.001 | ||||
< 18.5 | 232(1.83) | 312(2.41) | |||
18.5 ~ 24.9 | 3330(31.28) | 1949(16.17) | |||
25 ~ 29.9 | 3757(35.15) | 3450(31.41) | |||
≥ 30 | 3440(31.51) | 5286(49.83) | |||
Missing | 24(0.23) | 20(0.18) | |||
Sleep duration, N(%) | < 0.001 | ||||
< 7 | 7679(68.23) | 7672(67.52) | |||
7 ~ 9 | 2737(28.93) | 2747(27.53) | |||
> 9 | 367(2.84) | 598(4.95) | |||
Alcohol consumption, N(%) | < 0.001 | ||||
No drinks | 337(3.07) | 615(4.87) | |||
≤ 1 drink/week | 4745(45.21) | 4039(39.46) | |||
> 1 drink/week | 2145(25.24) | 2072(23.82) | |||
Missing | 3556(26.48) | 4291(31.84) | |||
Physical activity, N(%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Inactive | 4390(44.76) | 3976(41.37) | |||
Active | 6384(55.20) | 7037(58.62) | |||
Missing | 9(0.05) | 4(0.01) | |||
Total cholesterol, mg/dl, mean (SE) | 197.71(0.67) | 195.03(0.80) | < 0.001 | ||
Triglyceride, mg/dl, mean (SE) | 146.27(1.85) | 172.62(1.90) | < 0.001 | ||
Creatinine, mg/dl, mean (SE) | 0.85(0.00) | 0.95(0.01) | < 0.001 | ||
HDL, mg/dl, mean (SE) | 55.11(0.31) | 52.64(0.29) | < 0.001 | ||
HbA1c, mg/dl, mean (SE) | 5.55(0.01) | 5.98(0.01) | < 0.001 | ||
Sodium, mg, mean (SE) | 3575.03(25.86) | 3476.48(25.77) | < 0.001 | ||
Fat, g, mean (SE) | 85.55(0.66) | 81.87(0.63) | < 0.001 | ||
History of CVD, N(%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 537(4.31) | 2257(17.90) | |||
No | 10,218(95.53) | 8681(81.54) | |||
Missing | 28(0.16) | 79(0.55) | |||
Diabetes, N(%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 874(5.79) | 2872(21.86) | |||
No | 732(6.93) | 1232(12.00) | |||
Missing | 9177(87.28) | 6913(66.14) | |||