Table 7 Robustness check of the model for COVID-19 vaccination and governance (RQ, RL and V&A)

COVID-19 vaccination (-1)

0.335^c (.000)

0.749^c (.000)

0.584^c (.000)

0.712^c (.000)

0.328^c (.001)

0.769^c (.000)

0.611^c (.000)

0.721^c (.000)

0.334^c (.000)

0.758^c (.000)

0.616^c (.000)

0.717^c (.000)

RQ

0.071^a (.049)

0.161^a (.029)

0.233^c (.000)

0.091^a (.027)

RL

0.094^a (.022)

0.058^a (.032)

0.106^b (.010)

0.092^a (.049)

V&A

0.014^b (.004)

0.102^b (.002)

0.119^a (.035)

0.050^b (.001)

Population 65 + 

0.227^c (.000)

0.117^a (.029)

0.378^c (.000)

0.099^a (.017)

0.094^b (.002)

0.115^a (.031)

0.168^a (.022)

0.136^b (.006)

0.284^c (.000)

0.121^b (.011)

0.326^b (.006)

0.051^c (.005)

GDP per capita

0.049^a (.037)

0.168^a (.014)

0.278^c (.000)

0.164^c (.000)

0.138^a (.030)

0.170^a (.013)

0.398^b (.007)

0.236^c (.000)

0.095^a (.013)

0.164^a (.011)

0.358^b (.008)

0.259^c (.000)

Stringency (t-1)

0.154^c (.000)

0.168^a (.014)

0.270^b (.010)

0.185^c (.000)

0.980^c (.000)

0.147^a (.019)

0.252^b (.007)

0.572^c (.000)

0.952^c (.000)

0.147^a (.019)

0.365^a (.050)

0.559^c (.000)

COVID-19 deaths (t-1)

0.022^a (.014)

0.017^a (.054)

0.071^b (.008)

0.217^c (.000)

0.007^a (.041)

0.020^a (.047)

0.047^a (.027)

0.220^c (.000)

0.025^b (.009)

0.005^a (.030)

0.038^a (.042)

0.220^c (.000)

Adjusted R-squared

0.480

0.757

0.727

0.593

0.495

0.757

0.707

0.591

0.479

0.759

0.709

0.596

Countries

45

72

53

170

45

72

53

170

45

72

53

170

N

180

288

212

680

180

288

212

680

180

288

212

680

Country FE

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes