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Table 5 Joint associations of meeting aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines with all-cause and cause-specific mortality

From: Aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and flexibility physical activity and risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based prospective cohort of Korean adults

  

All-cause mortality

Cancer mortality

Cardiovascular mortality

Total aerobic activity

(including walking; IPAQ guideline)c

Muscle-strengthening activity

Death/

person-yeara

HR (95% CIs)b

Death/

person-yeara

HR (95% CIs)b

Death/

person-yeara

HR (95% CIs)b

Low

< 2 d/wk

640/110,496

1.28 (1.02–1.62)

205/110,496

1.07 (0.74–1.55)

155/110,496

2.04 (1.08–3.88)

Low

≥ 2 d/wk

57/13,044

1.04 (0.74–1.46)

24/13,044

1.06 (0.63–1.78)

13/13,044

1.94 (0.85–4.42)

Moderate

< 2 d/wk

469/84,555

1.23 (0.97–1.55)

167/84,555

1.14 (0.79–1.65)

100/84,555

1.75 (0.91–3.35)

Moderate

≥ 2 d/wk

87/22,001

1.07 (0.80–1.44)

40/22,001

1.15 (0.73–1.81)

18/22,001

1.83 (0.86–3.90)

High

< 2 d/wk

282/56,411

1.16 (0.91–1.47)

101/56,411

1.03 (0.70–1.52)

42/56,411

1.17 (0.59–2.34)

High

≥ 2 d/wk

87/28,719

1.00 (ref)

37/28,719

1.00 (ref)

10/28,719

1.00 (ref)

P-interactionf

 

0.92

0.99

0.89

Moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity (WHO guideline) d

Muscle-strengthening activity

Death/

person-year a

HR (95% CIs) b

Death/

person-year a

HR (95% CIs) b

Death/

person-year a

HR (95% CIs) b

< 10.0 MET-hr/wk

< 2 d/wk

957/135,502

1.34 (1.09–1.64)

316/135,502

1.06 (0.78–1.45)

224/135,502

1.68 (1.00-2.82)

< 10.0 MET-hr/wk

≥ 2 d/wk

101/17,132

1.10 (0.84–1.45)

41/17,132

0.98 (0.65–1.48)

24/17,132

1.72 (0.92–3.24)

10.0-19.9 MET-hr/wk

< 2 d/wk

100/31,056

1.01 (0.77–1.32)

37/31,056

0.91 (0.60–1.40)

18/31,056

1.03 (0.52–2.02)

10.0-19.9 MET-hr/wk

≥ 2 d/wk

15/7,053

0.67 (0.39–1.15)

-e/7,053

0.69 (0.32–1.53)

-e/7,053

0.32 (0.05–2.31)

≥ 20.0 MET-hr/wk

< 2 d/wk

334/84,903

1.01 (0.81–1.25)

120/84,903

0.83 (0.60–1.16)

55/84,903

0.95 (0.54–1.65)

≥ 20.0 MET-hr/wk

≥ 2 d/wk

115/39,579

1.00 (ref)

53/39,579

1.00 (ref)

16/39,579

1.00 (ref)

P-interactionf

 

0.27

0.41

0.50

  1. Abbreviation: CIs, Confidence Intervals; HR, Hazard Ratio; IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire; MET, metabolic equivalent task
  2. a Person-years may not sum to the total person-years of 315,226 due to rounding.
  3. b Adjusted for sex (male, female), region (metropolitan, urban, rural), education (< high school, high school, college or higher), occupation (nonphysical labor, physical labor, unemployed/homemakers/students/others), household income level (quartile 1,2,3,4, missing), marital status (married, never married, divorced/separated/widowed), smoking status (never, former, current), alcohol drinking (nondrinkers, 1 time/month, ≥ 2 times/month), and self-rated health (good, fair, poor)
  4. c The “high” category of total aerobic activity included participants with ≥ 3 days of vigorous-intensity activity achieving total aerobic activity of ≥ 25 MET-h/wk; or ≥ 7 days of any combination of walking, moderate-intensity, or vigorous-intensity activities achieving total aerobic physical activity of ≥ 50 MET-h/wk. The “moderate” category included participants who satisfied at least one of the following 3 criteria: (1) ≥ 3 days of vigorous-intensity activity of at least 20 min/d; (2) ≥ 5 days of moderate-intensity activity and/or walking of at least 30 min/d; or (3) ≥ 5 days of any combination of walking, moderate-intensity, or vigorous-intensity activities achieving total aerobic physical activity of ≥ 10 MET-h/wk. The “low” category included participants who were not meeting criteria for “moderate” and “high” categories.
  5. d Walking was not included when estimating MET-h/wk.
  6. e Estimates for death count < 10 is not disclosed.
  7. fP-interaction was estimated using the Wald test for product terms between aerobic physical activity (low, moderate, high) and muscle-strengthening physical activity (< 2, ≥ 2).
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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