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Table 4 Associations between three physical activity types (aerobic, muscle-strengthening, flexibility) and cause-specific mortality (cancer- and cardiovascular disease-specific mortality)

From: Aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and flexibility physical activity and risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based prospective cohort of Korean adults

 

Cancer mortality

Cardiovascular mortality

 

Death/person-year a

HR (95% CIs)b

Death/person-yeara

HR (95% CIs)b

Total aerobic physical activity (including walking; IPAQ guideline) c

Low

229/123,540

1.00 (ref)

168/123,540

1.00 (ref)

Moderate

207/106,556

1.07 (0.88–1.29)

118/106,556

0.87 (0.68–1.10)

High

138/85,129

0.96 (0.77–1.19)

52/85,129

0.56 (0.40–0.77)

P-trendd

 

0.81

 

< 0.001

Moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity (MET-h/wk) e

0

357/152,634

1.00 (ref)

248/152,634

1.00 (ref)

0.1–4.9

23/18,353

0.89 (0.58–1.36)

11/18,353

0.65 (0.35–1.19)

5.0-9.9

21/19,756

0.77 (0.49–1.19)

-f/19,756

0.45 (0.22–0.91)

10.0-19.9

27/28,657

0.66 (0.45–0.98)

16/28,657

0.64 (0.38–1.06)

20.0-49.9

57/49,192

0.78 (0.59–1.04)

23/49,192

0.55 (0.36–0.85)

≥ 50.0

89/46,633

0.96 (0.75–1.22)

32/46,633

0.55 (0.37–0.80)

P-trendd

 

0.15

 

< 0.001

Muscle-strengthening physical activity (d/wk)

0

452/232,365

1.00 (ref)

292/232,365

1.00 (ref)

1–2

45/38,206

1.08 (0.78–1.49)

14/38,206

0.73 (0.42–1.27)

3–4

36/25,317

1.07 (0.75–1.51)

11/25,317

0.74 (0.40–1.36)

≥ 5

41/19,337

0.90 (0.65–1.26)

21/19,337

0.94 (0.60–1.47)

P-trendd

 

0.76

 

0.45

Flexibility physical activity (d/wk)

0

351/148,736

1.00 (ref)

245/148,736

1.00 (ref)

1–2

59/63,827

0.85 (0.64–1.13)

21/63,827

0.52 (0.33–0.82)

3–4

65/50,533

1.00 (0.76–1.32)

21/50,533

0.61 (0.39–0.96)

≥ 5

99/52,129

0.87 (0.69–1.09)

51/52,129

0.75 (0.55–1.03)

P-trendd

 

0.27

 

0.02

  1. Abbreviation: CIs, Confidence Intervals; HR, Hazard Ratio; IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire; MET, metabolic equivalent task
  2. a Person-years may not sum to the total person-years of 315,226 due to rounding.
  3. b Adjusted for sex (male, female), region (metropolitan, urban, rural), education (< high school, high school, college or higher), occupation (nonphysical labor, physical labor, unemployed/homemakers/students/others), household income level (quartile 1,2,3,4, missing), marital status (married, never married, divorced/separated/widowed), smoking status (never, former, current), alcohol drinking (nondrinkers, 1 time/month, ≥ 2 times/month), and self-rated health (good, fair, poor)
  4. c The “high” category of total aerobic activity included participants with ≥ 3 days of vigorous-intensity activity achieving total aerobic activity of ≥ 25 MET-h/wk; or ≥ 7 days of any combination of walking, moderate-intensity, or vigorous-intensity activities achieving total aerobic physical activity of ≥ 50 MET-h/wk. The “moderate” category included participants who satisfied at least one of the following 3 criteria: (1) ≥ 3 days of vigorous-intensity activity of at least 20 min/d; (2) ≥ 5 days of moderate-intensity activity and/or walking of at least 30 min/d; or (3) ≥ 5 days of any combination of walking, moderate-intensity, or vigorous-intensity activities achieving total aerobic physical activity of ≥ 10 MET-h/wk. The “low” category included participants who were not meeting criteria for “moderate” and “high” categories.
  5. dP-trend was estimated using the Wald test for continuous trend variable.
  6. e Walking was not included when estimating MET-h/wk.
  7. f Estimates for death count < 10 is not disclosed.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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