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Table 3 Associations between three physical activity types (aerobic, muscle-strengthening, flexibility) and all-cause mortality

From: Aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and flexibility physical activity and risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based prospective cohort of Korean adults

 

Death/person-yeara

Model 1b

HR (95% CIs)

Model 2c

HR (95% CIs)

Model 3d

HR (95% CIs)

Total aerobic physical activity (including walking; IPAQ guideline) e

Low

697/123,540

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Moderate

556/106,556

0.96 (0.85–1.07)

0.95 (0.85–1.07)

0.95 (0.85–1.06)

High

369/85,129

0.89 (0.78–1.01)

0.88 (0.78–1.01)

0.88 (0.78–1.01)

P-trendf

 

0.07

0.06

0.06

Moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity (MET-h/wk) g

0

1058/152,634

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

0.1–4.9

63/18,353

0.81 (0.63–1.04)

0.81 (0.63–1.05)

0.80 (0.62–1.04)

5.0-9.9

52/19,756

0.64 (0.48–0.85)

0.65 (0.49–0.86)

0.65 (0.49–0.86)

10.0-19.9

80/28,657

0.69 (0.55–0.87)

0.69 (0.54–0.87)

0.69 (0.55–0.87)

20.0-49.9

153/49,192

0.76 (0.63–0.90)

0.76 (0.64–0.91)

0.76 (0.64–0.90)

≥ 50.0

216/46,633

0.82 (0.70–0.95)

0.82 (0.71–0.95)

0.81 (0.70–0.95)

P-trendf

 

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Muscle-strengthening physical activity (d/wk)

0

1354/232,365

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1

37/19,096

0.67 (0.48–0.94)

0.68 (0.49–0.95)

0.67 (0.48–0.94)

2

50/19,110

0.82 (0.62–1.08)

0.81 (0.61–1.08)

0.82 (0.62–1.08)

3–4

75/25,317

0.81 (0.64–1.04)

0.81 (0.63–1.03)

0.80 (0.63–1.02)

≥ 5

106/19,337

0.83 (0.68–1.02)

0.84 (0.69–1.03)

0.82 (0.67–1.01)

P-trendf

 

0.01

0.01

0.01

Flexibility physical activity (d/wk)

0

1,069/148,736

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1

62/29,151

0.70 (0.53–0.91)

0.69 (0.53–0.91)

0.69 (0.53–0.91)

2

81/34,676

0.72 (0.58–0.91)

0.72 (0.58–0.90)

0.73 (0.58–0.91)

3–4

149/50,533

0.85 (0.71–1.01)

0.84 (0.71–1.01)

0.86 (0.72–1.02)

≥ 5

261/52,129

0.80 (0.70–0.92)

0.81 (0.70–0.93)

0.80 (0.70–0.93)

P-trendf

 

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

  1. Abbreviation: CIs, Confidence Intervals; HR, Hazard Ratio; IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire; MET, metabolic equivalent task
  2. a Person-years may not sum to the total person-years of 315,226 due to rounding.
  3. b Model 1 includes sex (male, female), region (metropolitan, urban, rural), education (less than high school, high school, college or higher), occupation (nonphysical labor, physical labor, unemployed/homemakers/students/others), household income level (quartiles 1,2,3,4, missing), marital status (married, never married, divorced/separated/widowed), smoking status (never, former, current), alcohol drinking (nondrinkers, 1 time/month, ≥ 2 times/month), and self-rated health (good, fair, poor).
  4. c Model 2 includes all variables in Model 1 plus body mass index (< 18.5, 18.5–24.9, ≥ 25.0 kg/m2).
  5. d Model 3 includes all variables in Model 1 plus prevalence of type 2 diabetes (present, absent), hypertension (present, absent), and dyslipidemia (present, absent).
  6. e The “high” category of total aerobic activity included participants with ≥ 3 days of vigorous-intensity activity achieving total aerobic activity of ≥ 25 MET-h/wk; or ≥ 7 days of any combination of walking, moderate-intensity, or vigorous-intensity activities achieving total aerobic physical activity of ≥ 50 MET-h/wk. The “moderate” category included participants who satisfied at least one of the following 3 criteria: (1) ≥ 3 days of vigorous-intensity activity of at least 20 min/d; (2) ≥ 5 days of moderate-intensity activity and/or walking of at least 30 min/d; or (3) ≥ 5 days of any combination of walking, moderate-intensity, or vigorous-intensity activities achieving total aerobic physical activity of ≥ 10 MET-h/wk. The “low” category included participants who were not meeting criteria for “moderate” and “high” categories.
  7. fP-trend was estimated using the Wald test for continuous trend variable.
  8. g Walking was not included when estimating MET-h/wk.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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