Table 2 Multivariable logistic regression to determine the associations between fear of contracting COVID-19, and experiencing depression among students (N = 2840)

Age

1.006

0.991

1.021

0.423

0.983

0.965

1.001

0.065

Gender (Ref: Man)

1.172

0.992

1.386

0.063

1.116

0.907

1.373

0.298

Country income level (Ref: LIC)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

LMIC

1.886

0.951

3.740

0.069

0.330

0.167

0.653

0.001

UMIC

1.199

0.596

2.411

0.611

0.521

0.260

1.045

0.066

HIC

1.265

0.630

2.541

0.509

0.567

0.283

1.135

0.109

Talk to friends or family on the phone (Ref: No)

1.133

0.956

1.342

0.148

1.188

0.963

1.464

0.108

Talk to friends or family through video chat (Ref: No)

1.079

0.909

1.281

0.385

0.809

0.656

0.999

0.049

Talk to friends or family face to face, in person (Ref: No)

0.942

0.793

1.119

0.497

1.231

1.000

1.514

0.050

Spend time with pets (Ref: No)

1.082

0.875

1.339

0.465

1.470

1.156

1.870

0.002

Meditate or other mindfulness practices (Ref: No)

1.117

0.904

1.381

0.306

1.170

0.910

1.505

0.220

Exercise in or around your home (Ref: No)

0.902

0.757

1.074

0.247

0.910

0.736

1.125

0.383

Exercise or spend leisure time outdoors like at a park or walking trail (Ref: No)

1.033

0.850

1.2–56

0.743

0.976

0.770

1.237

0.842

Do yardwork or gardening (Ref: No)

0.971

0.755

1.249

0.821

1.017

0.753

1.373

0.914

Participate in creative activities or hobbies (Ref: No)

1.005

0.839

1.203

0.959

0.945

0.758

1.177

0.612

Learn a new skill or engage in distant learning (Ref: No)

1.669

1.410

1.975

< 0.001

0.684

0.552

0.848

0.001

Taking breaks from the news or social media (Ref: No)

0.974

0.815

1.164

0.771

1.242

1.005

1.536

0.045