Table 2 Multilevel analysis of factors associated with desire to limit childbearing in high fertility regions in Ethiopia, 2016 (n = 4,340)

Age in years

15–24

133(12.2)

953(87.8)

1

1

25–34

687(35.5)

1249(64.5)

3.90(3.08, 4.93)

3.74(2.97, 4.73)*

35–49

817(62.0)

502(38.0)

14.29(11.08,18.43)

13.99(10.85, 18.06)*

Women educational status

No formal education

1197(42.9)

1595(57.1)

1

1

Primary

374(30.38)

858(69.62)

0.77(0.64,0.94)

0.73(0.61, 0.88)*

Secondary and

higher

66(20.69)

250(79.21)

0.32(0.21,0.47)

0.29(0.19, 0.43)*

Occupation of women

work

731(41.91)

1013(58.09)

1.21(1.03,1.42)

1.13(0.96,1.33)

No work

906(34.90)

1690(65.10)

1

1

Wealth index

Poor

675(35.67)

1217(64.33)

1

1

Middle

313(36.89)

535(63.11)

0.67(0.54,0.83)

0.58(0.47, 1.02)

Rich

649(40.57)

950(59.43)

0.84(0.68, 1.05)

0.68(0.54, 1.15)

Media exposure

Yes

379(37.23)

640(62.77)

1.05(0.85,1.29)

0.99(0.81, 1.22)

No

1258(37.87)

2064(62.13)

1

1

Number of children

0

429(43.06)

568(56.94)

1

1

1 2

1026(36.31)

1800(63.69)

1.09(0.92,1.32)

1.11(0.91,1.34)

3 6

182(35.11)

336(64.89)

1.08(0.82,1.43)

1

1.23(0.92,1.63)

Knowledge of family planning

yes

1622(38.32)

2611(61.68)

3.69(1.95,6.95)

2.45(1.62,3.69)

1.79(0.93,3.47)

No

15(14.1)

93(85.9)

1

1

1

Residence

Urban

159(33.44)

317(66.56)

1

Rural

1478(38.24)

2386(61.76)

1.56(1.02,2.39)

0.96(0.57,1.63)

Region

Afar

12(12.58)

82(87.42)

1

1

Somali

25(8.13)

287(91.87)

0.70(0.32,1.52)

0.58(0.25,1.34)

Oromia

1600(40.67)

2334(59.33)

4.69(2.42,9.12)

5.86(2.82, 12.23)*

Distance to the health facility

Not big problem

482(38.15)

782(61.85)

1.02(0.86,1.21)

1.02(0.84,1.23)

Big problem

1155(37.54)

1921(62.46)

1

1

Community level education

High

1208(38.41)

1936(61.59)

0.84(0.63,1.13)

0.96(0.67,1.37)

Low

429(35.89)

767(64.11)

1

1

Community level poverty

High

940(34.01)

1824(65.99)

0.72(0.53,0.98)

0.67(0.45, 0.98)*

Low

670(44.22)

879(55.78)

1

1

Community level media exposure

High

1115(43.01)

1478(56.99)

1.48(1.11,1.99)

1.53(1.07, 2.19)*

Low

522(29.86)

1226(70.14)

1

1

Random effect

Null model

Variance

64.25

85.9

37.04

23.08

ICC (%)

16.34

20.7

10.12

6.56

MOR

2.12

2.40

1.75

1.54

PCV

Ref

62.90

63.67

63.92

Model comparission

Deviance(2loglikelihood)

5517.64

4742.78

5383.24

4606.44

Mean VIF

….

1.36

1.61

1.74