Table 5 The association between predisposing factors, enabling factors, need factors, and the utilization of health service 2010 − 2020: estimated from spatial panel data models

Resident hospitalization rate

 Predisposing factor

Sex ratio

-0.01(0.05)

0.08(0.19)

0.07(0.22)

Minority Ratio

0.03(0.01)

0.02(0.06)

0.05(0.07)

Proportion of 65-year-olds

0.34(0.01) ^**

-0.83(0.27) ^**

-0.50(0.32)

Illiteracy rate

-0.04(0.08)

1.39(0.37) ^***

1.34(0.42) ^**

Average household size

0.58(0.68)

-0.43(1.63)

1.50(1.83)

 Enabling factors

Ln (GDP per capita)

1.93(0.60) ^**

4.46(1.19) ^***

6.39(1.52) ^***

Percentage of medical insurance participants

0.02(0.01)^**

-0.06(0.02)^***

-0.04(0.02)^*

Urbanization rate

-0.16(0.05) ^**

0.01(0.16)

-0.15(0.18)

Health resources index

2.09(0.311) ^***

1.60(0.87)^*

3.69(1.02) ^***

 Need factors

Life Expectancy

-0.05(0.19)

-0.04(0.71)

-0.09(0.85)

Perinatal mortality

-0.22(0.13)

-0.89(0.43)^*

-1.11(0.52)^*

The average number of outpatient visits per year

 Predisposing factor

Sex ratio

0.04 (0.02)

0.06(0.09)

0.09(0.11)

Minority Ratio

-0.01 (0.01)

0.04(0.03)

0.03(0.03)

Proportion of 65-year-olds

-0.01(0.04)

-0.49(0.13) ^***

-0.50(0.15) ^**

Illiteracy rate

0.08(0.03)^*

0.68(0.18)^***

0.76(0.20)^***

Average household size

-0.04(0.27)

-1.57(0.76)^*

-1.61(0.86)

 Enabling factors

Ln (GDP per capita)

1.29(0.25) ^***

2.50(0.54)^***

3.79(0.68)^***

Percentage of medical insurance participants

0.01(0.01)

-0.02(0.01)

-0.01(0.01)

Urbanization rate

0.03(0.02)

-0.06(0.08)

-0.04(0.09)

Health Resources

0.13(0.14)

0.35(0.41)

0.49(0.49)

 Need factors

Life Expectancy

0.10(0.08)

0.36(0.31)

0.47(0.37)

Perinatal mortality

-0.01(0.05)

-0.24(0.20)

-0.25(0.23)