Table 1 Demographic data of the Thai population aged 18 to 65 years in annual surveys on substance use behaviors between 2019 and 2021

Age (years)

< 20

220

(4.4)

201

(3.7)

230

(4.1)

7.855₄

0.097

20–29

952

(19.0)

1116

(20.7)

1166

(20.6)

≥ 30

3830

(76.6)

4072

(75.6)

4273

(75.4)

Sex

Male

2383

(47.6)

2597

(48.2)

2750

(48.5)

0.814₂

0.666

Female

2619

(52.4)

2792

(51.8)

2919

(51.5)

Regions

Bangkok metropolis

700

(14.0)

782

(14.5)

816

(14.4)

4.890₈

0.769

Central

990

(19.8)

1,093

(20.3)

1,159

(20.4)

North

949

(19.0)

952

(17.7)

999

(17.6)

Northeast

1,686

(33.7)

1,811

(33.6)

1,906

(33.6)

South

677

(13.5)

751

(13.9)

789

(13.9)

Area of living

Bangkok or municipality

2,037

(40.7)

2,085

(38.7)

2,185

(38.5)

6.449₂

0.040*

Outside the municipality

2,965

(59.3)

3,304

(61.3)

3,484

(61.5)

Level of education

< High school junior

1330

(26.6)

1363

(25.3)

1364

(24.1)

9.246₄

0.055

High school junior

1122

(22.4)

1223

(22.7)

1286

(22.7)

> High school junior

2546

(50.9)

2793

(51.9)

3008

(53.2)

Marital status

Single

1,335

(26.7)

1,408

(26.1)

1,624

(28.7)

58.282₄

< 0.001**

Married

3,382

(67.6)

3,477

(64.6)

3,615

(63.8)

Divorced/widow/separated

285

(5.7)

501

(9.3)

426

(7.5)

Occupation

Unemployed

76

(1.5)

75

(1.4)

172

(3.0)

153.073₁₀

< 0.001**

Retired / housework

358

(7.2)

304

(5.6)

409

(7.2)

Students

336

(6.7)

407

(7.6)

403

(7.1)

Labor

1102

(22.0)

1148

(21.3)

1370

(24.2)

Agriculture / fishery

238

(4.8)

475

(8.8)

363

(6.4)

Others

2892

(57.8)

2980

(55.3)

2952

(52.1)

Monthly income (THB) ^b

≤ 5,000

511

(10.2)

601

(11.2)

738

(13.0)

102.548₈

< 0.001**

5,001–10,000

1,512

(30.2)

1,639

(30.4)

1,629

(28.7)

10,001–20,000

2,233

(44.6)

2,179

(40.4)

2,170

(38.3)

20,001–30,000

531

(10.6)

655

(12.2)

710

(12.5)

> 30,000

215

(4.3)

315

(5.8)

422

(7.4)