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Table 7 The association of self-reported general health with each of NO2, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 air pollutants in separate models at the local authority level (N = 404,264 observations from 67,982 individuals)

From: The spatial–temporal effect of air pollution on individuals’ reported health and its variation by ethnic groups in the United Kingdom: a multilevel longitudinal analysis

 

Model 1

Model 2

OR [95%CI]

OR [95%CI]

Overall pollution effect

 NO2 (µg/m3)

1.13 [1.09, 1.18]**

1.08 [1.05, 1.12]**

 SO2 (µg/m3)

1.28 [1.14, 1.43]**

1.28 [1.13, 1.45]**

 PM10 (µg/m3)

1.14 [1.05, 1.23]**

1.10 [1.01, 1.19]*

 PM2.5 (µg/m3)

1.25 [1.13, 1.38]**

1.19 [1.07, 1.31]**

Between pollution effect

 NO2 (µg/m3)

1.12 [1.04, 1.20]**

1.05 [0.99, 1.10]

 SO2 (µg/m3)

15.05 [7.77, 29.15]**

6.31 [3.46, 11.5]**

 PM10 (µg/m3)

1.04 [0.87, 1.25]

1.03 [0.90, 1.18]

 PM2.5 (µg/m3)

1.09 [0.85, 1.41]

1.06 [0.88, 1.29]

Within pollution effect

 NO2 (µg/m3)

1.01 [0.92, 1.12]

1.01 [0.91, 1.12]

 SO2 (µg/m3)

1.05 [0.86, 1.28]

1.04 [0.83, 1.30]

 PM10 (µg/m3)

1.03 [0.90, 1.19]

1.02 [0.88, 1.19]

 PM2.5 (µg/m3)

0.87 [0.73, 1.02]

0.86 [0.72, 1.03]

  1. ORs and 95%CIs are expressed in terms of 10 µg/m3 increase in the air pollutants; Model 1 is adjusted for age, gender, and year dummies (2009–2019); Model 2 is adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, country of birth, marital status, education, occupation, housing tenure, perceived financial situation, smoking status, and year dummies (2009–2019)
  2. **P-value < 0.01; *P-value < 0.05
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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