Table 4 Sensitivity analysis with the SGA and LGA from the percentile method. (Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis)

General characteristics

Maternal age

1.03 (1.01,1.05)

0.009*

1.01(0.98,1.03)

0.651

0.97(0.95,0.99)

0.004*

1.01(0.99,1.04)

0.255

Parity

1.38(1.26,1.50)

< 0.001*

1.35(1.21,1.51)

< 0.001*

0.57(0.49,0.65)

< 0.001*

0.55(0.47,0.64)

< 0.001*

BMI category

Underweight (BMI < 18.5)

0.70(0.38,1.31)

0.267

0.73(0.39,1.37)

0.330

1.81(1.22,2.68)

0.003*

1.77(1.18,2.65)

0.005*

Normal (BMI 18.5–24.9)

Reference

-

Reference

-

Reference

-

Overweight (BMI 25–29.9)

2.03(1.62,2.53)

< 0.001*

1.96(1.57,2.45)

< 0.001*

0.75(0.58,0.97)

0.029*

0.77(0.59,1.00)

0.054*

Obese (BMI ≥ 30)

2.13(1.59,2.85)

< 0.001*

2.08(1.55,2.79)

< 0.001*

0.84(0.59,1.19)

0.331

0.83(0.58,1.20)

0.326

Gestational age at delivery

Preterm (< 37 week)

0.86(0.56,1.41)

0.607

2.53(1.81,3.55)

< 0.001*

2.11(1.45,3.08)

< 0.001*

Term (37–41 week)

Reference

-

Reference

-

Reference

-

Post-term ≥ 42 week)

0.87(0.61,1.24)

0.446

0.88(0.61,1.27)

0.498

0.75(0.51,1.11)

0.152

Lifestyle characteristics

Smoking

No

Reference

-

Reference

-

Reference

-

Yes

0.77(0.33,1.77)

0.540

2.21(1.24,3.96)

0.007*

2.55(1.36,4.78)

0.003*

Snuffing tobacco

No

Reference

-

Reference

-

Yes

0.70(0.41,1.20)

0.194

0.88(0.53,1.44)

0.611

Alcohol consumption

Non-risky drinker

Reference

Reference

-

Risky drinker

0.79(0.54,1.18)

1.31(0.95,1.82)

0.100

Physical activity, hour per week

0.96(0.91,1.00)

0.91

1.04(0.99,1,09)

0.112

Socioeconomic characteristics

Education

High education > 12 years

Reference

Reference

-

Secondary school level or lower

1.11(0.92,1.34)

0.266

1.07(0.88,1.29)

0.508

Employment

Employed

Reference

Reference

-

Unemployed

1.11(0.85,1.44)

0.441

1.00(0.77,1.31)

0.464