Table 2 Sample and percentage distribution (row percentage) of older adults who experience pain by selected background characteristics, stratified by sex

Birth order

0.062

0.018

First or second

1,651

22.1

2,448

31.1

Third or fourth

868

24.3

1,391

34.5

Fifth and above

404

22.7

736

32.9

Mother ever diagnosed by chronic disease

0.106

0.002

No

2,507

22.5

3,872

32.3

Yes

416

24.8

703

32.1

Father ever diagnosed by chronic disease

0.012

0.153

No

2,477

22.1

2,477

32.3

Yes

446

27.2

446

32.2

Childhood health status

< 0.001

< 0.001

Good

2,606

22.6

4,115

33.0

Fair

246

22.6

368

24.0

Poor

71

32.8

88

48.4

Bedridden during childhood

< 0.001

< 0.001

No

2,703

22.2

4,294

31.7

Yes

220

31.0

281

43.7

Missed school

< 0.001

0.005

No

2,815

22.3

4,513

32.1

Yes

108

40.2

62

49.1

Childhood financial condition

< 0.001

< 0.001

Pretty well off financially

194

23.5

388

31.6

Average

1,314

19.6

2,138

27.8

Poor

1,415

26.2

2,049

37.7

Marital status

0.056

0.045

in union

2,394

23.2

2,166

34.1

Widowed

468

21.8

2,317

31.2

in union

61

17.3

92

20.7

Educational level

< 0.001

0.047

Illiterate

1,159

23.8

3,207

33.2

1–5 years

747

26.2

729

35.8

6–10 years

751

20.4

496

24.7

More than ten years

266

18.6

143

23.7

Social group

0.962

< 0.001

Others

852

23.7

1,521

36.8

OBC

1,121

21.7

1,627

29.6

SC/ST

950

23.9

1,427

32.3

Religion

0.005

< 0.001

Hindu

2,119

22.0

3,398

31.6

Muslim

397

29.0

587

39.8

Others

407

22.4

590

28.8

Wealth Index

0.559

0.002

Poor

1,194

22.5

1,194

31.6

Middle

577

24.0

577

33.0

Rich

1,152

22.5

1,152

32.7

Place of residence

< 0.001

< 0.001

Rural

23.9

3,148

34.1

Urban

789

19.7

1,427

28.3

Self-reported health

< 0.001

< 0.001

Good

1,854

18.5

2,810

25.7

Poor

1,069

38.5

1,765

51.9

Activities of Daily Living

< 0.001

< 0.001

No

2,041

19.1

2,041

27.2

Yes

882

38.2

882

48.2

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living

No

1,478

17.2

1,478

25.0

Yes

1,445

32.1

1,445

38.0

Morbidity

< 0.001

< 0.001

None

847

16.7

1,191

25.2

One disease

859

22.5

1,336

31.0

Multiple diseases

1,217

31.0

2,048

41.2

Depression

< 0.001

< 0.001

No

2,597

21.5

4,033

30.5

Yes

326

38.9

542

50.0

Body mass index

0.043

< 0.001

Underweight

755

23.0

989

31.5

Normal weight

1,610

22.4

2,152

32.6

Overweight

468

23.6

1,006

32.7

Obese

90

23.4

428

32.1

Tobacco

< 0.001

< 0.001

No

1,434

20.4

1,434

30.4

Yes

1,489

25.1

1,489

40.2

Alcohol

0.044

0.352

No

2,491

23.4

4,452

32.3

Yes

432

18.9

123

32.4