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Table 3 Association between changes in employment status and experiencing intimate partner violence outcomes during COVID-19 social distancing measures among cis-gendered women who participated in the I-SHARE survey 2020-21

From: Working from home and intimate partner violence among cis-women during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from a global, cross-sectional study

 

Change in employment status

Individuals experiencing outcome (%)

Model 1: OR adjusted for country

(95% CI)a

Model 2: OR adjusted for confounders (95% CI)b

Model 2 Wald test P-value

Experience of physical,sexual or psychological IPV

Continued in same work and site/ retiredc

376 (12.0)

1

1

 

Working (completely or partially) from homed

482 (15.8)

1.24 (1.06–1.44)h

1.40 (1.12–1.74)h

0.003

Unemployed or reduced working hourse

250 (20.8)

1.66 (1.37-2.00)h

1.15 (0.87–1.53)h

0.313

Otherf,g

274 (17.5)

1.47 (1.22–1.76)h

1.46 (1.11–1.94)h

0.007

Experience of physical or sexual IPV

Continued in same work and site/ retiredc

118 (3.7)

1

1

 

Working (completely or partially) from homed

130 (4.2)

1.08 (0.82–1.42)i

1.20 (0.84–1.72)i

0.322

Unemployed or reduced working hourse

85 (7.0)

1.74 (1.27–2.39)i

1.32 (0.86–2.04)i

0.209

Otherf,g

83 (5.3)

1.28 (0.93–1.75)i

1.09 (0.70–1.70)i

0.690

Experience of psychological violence

Continued in same work and site/ retiredc

357 (11.3)

1

1

 

Working (completely or partially) from homed

458 (14.8)

1.21 (1.03–1.41)j

1.35 (1.07–1.69)j

0.003

Unemployed or reduced working hourse

235 (19.2)f

1.61 (1.33–1.95)j

1.16 (0.87–1.54)j

0.299

Otherf,g

251 (15.9)g

1.38 (1.14–1.66)j

1.37 (1.02–1.83)j

0.025

  1. a Not including individuals with missing data on any variables in model 2 (the fully adjusted model), to allow for direct comparison
  2. b Adjusted for country, age in 4 levels, whether the participant experienced the relevant IPV outcome in the three months before COVID-19, employment status before COVID-19 and cannabis use frequency before COVID-19 measures
  3. d c N = 2956
  4. d N = 2888
  5. e N = 1095
  6. f N = 1423
  7. g Includes those who changed job, were paid but unable to work, or answered “other”. Those selecting “other” were unable to specify further
  8. h N = 8362
  9. i N = 8467
  10. j N = 8513