Food insecurity was negatively associated with adherence to the “fruits, vegetables, and foods rich in animal protein” dietary pattern among university students’ households: the 2018 Mexican National Household Survey

Table 5 Association between household food insecurity status^a and adherence to the two identified dietary patterns

Adherence to dietary patterns	Food security (n = 5301)	Mild-Food Insecurity (n = 1240)	p^b	Moderate-Food Insecurity (n = 680)	p	Severe-Food Insecurity (n = 438)	p^b
Adherence to dietary patterns	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)
Fruits, vegetables, and foods rich in animal protein pattern
Crude	1.00	0.29 (0.25, 0.33)	< 0.001	0.17 (0.14, 0.20)	< 0.001	0.12 (0.09, 0.16)	< 0.001
Model 1	1.00	0.30 (0.26, 0.34)	< 0.001	0.18 (0.15, 0.22)	< 0.001	0.13 (0.10, 0.17)	< 0.001
Model 2	1.00	0.34 (0.30, 0.40)	< 0.001	0.20 (0.16, 0.24)	< 0.001	0.14 (0.11, 0.19)	< 0.001
Traditional-Westernized pattern
Crude	1.00	0.91 (0.67, 1.24)	0.570	0.73 (0.51, 1.05)	0.090	0.49 (0.33, 0.71)	< 0.001
Model 1	1.00	0.91 (0.67, 1.24)	0.557	0.74 (0.51, 1.06)	0.101	0.48 (0.33, 0.70)	< 0.001
Model 2	1.00	0.82 (0.60, 1.13)	0.225	0.69 (0.47, 1.00)	0.053	0.51 (0.34, 0.76)	0.001

Data are presented as Odds Ratio (OR) with correspondent 95% confidence interval (95% CI)
Model 1: adjusted for students’ sex (man, woman), age (years), marital status (not in a relationship, partnered), indigenous self-identification (no, yes), academic year (3rd to 5th year, 2nd year, 1st year), and enrollment college type (private, public)
Model 2: adjusted by model 1 variables plus household’s head age (years), household’s head sex (man, woman), household’s head education (bachelor´s degree or more, elementary to high school, incomplete elementary school or less); household type (nuclear, extended, others), type of locality (metropolitan, urban, rural), and socioeconomic status (high, upper-middle, lower-middle, low)
p < 0.05 was considered significant
Adherence: percentage of adherence ≥ 51, Non-adherence: percentage of adherence ≤ 50
^a According to the Mexican Food Security Scale
^bp-Values from logistic regression

ISSN: 1471-2458