Table 6 COR* and AOR** from the multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression of syphilis and independent factors among female sex workers, national HIV and STI^£ bio-behavioral survey, Ethiopia, 2019–2020

Age category

 5 – 19

1

1

 20 – 24

1.37

0.307

1.34 (0.72, 2.46)

0.353

 25 – 29

2.42

0.003

1.62 (0.88, 2.98)

0.120

 30 – 34

5.2

 < 0.001

2.64 (1.40, 4.98)

0.003

 35 – 59

11.09

 < 0.001

4.70 (2.50, 8.86)

 < 0.001

Marital status

 Married/Cohabiting

2.07

0.016

1.70 (0.92, 3.13)

0.091

 Divorced/Separated/Widowed

2.95

 < 0.001

1.37 (1.03, 1.82)

0.033

 Never married

1

1

Highest grade attended

 Non-formal Education

5.69

 < 0.001

3.38 (2.34, 5.11)

 < 0.001

 Primary 1^st cycle (grades 1–4)

3.6

 < 0.001

2.77 (1.79, 4.30)

 < 0.001

 Primary 2^nd cycle (grades 5–8)

1.88

0.001

1.80 (1.21, 2.69)

0.004

 Secondary school and above

1

1

Living with a sexual partner

 No

1

 Yes

0.54

0.022

The main source of income

 Other than sex work

1

 Sex work

0.66

0.036

Average monthly income from selling sex in ETB

 < 2500

3.64

 < 0.001

1.74 (1.09, 2.78)

0.020

 2500—4999

2.26

 < 0.001

1.41 (0.89, 2.23)

0.141

 5000—7499

1.27

0.351

1.03 (0.61, 1.73)

0.920

 7500 + 

1

1

Alcohol consumption levels

 Not depressed

1

 Mild Depression

0.97

0.83

 Moderate to severe depression

1.57

0.003

First sex experience

 Wanted

1.43

0.003

 Forced

1

Number of cities worked sex selling in the last three years

 Same town

1

 1 more town

0.68

0.036

 2 or more towns

0.65

0.088

Number of clients in the past 6 months

 < 30

1.89

 < 0.001

 31—60

1.51.252

0.233

 61—90

1.14

0.592

 91 + 

1

Age at first sex selling

 < 20

1

 20—24

1.55

0.003

 25 + 

3.27

 < 0.001

Age at first sex

 15 or less

1.48

0.001

 16—20

1

 21 + 

1.04

0.896

Only Bar or Hotel FSW

 No

2.18

 < 0.001

1.53 (1.45, 2.05)

0.004

 Yes

1

Only Own home FSW

 No

1

 Yes

3.04

 < 0.001

Hepatitis B

 Non-Reactive

1

 Reactive

1.58

 < 0.001

Number of sexual partners without condoms in the last 30 days

 Consistent

1

 In-consistent

1.38

0.028

Experienced condom failure in the last 30 days

 No breakage

1

 Breakage

1.52

 < 0.001

HIV test result

 Tested Negative

1

1

 Tested New Positive

4.58

 < 0.001

2.61 (1.92, 3.56)

 < 0.001

 Known Positive

4.92

 < 0.001

2.41 (1.76, 3.3)

 < 0.001

Ever been pregnant

 No

1

 Yes

2.78

 < 0.001

Number of pregnancies

 0

1

 1

2.13

 < 0.001

 2

2.92

 < 0.001

 3 + 

4.56

 < 0.001

Currently pregnant

 No

1

 Yes

0.46

0.195

History of miscarriage pregnancy

 No

1

 Yes

1.32

0.100

Constant

0.004 (0.002, 0.01)

 < 0.001

Random effects

 Towns/cities

0.35

0.15

0.80

 ICC

0.096

0.044

0.20

LR test vs. logistic model

 chibar2 = 61.32

 P-value =  < 0.001