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Table 5 Effect measure modification assessment of diet characteristics on fully adjusted risk ratiosf and 95% confidence intervals for preterm birth by interquartile range changeg of NO2, O3, PM2.5 modified by diet

From: Interplay of gestational parent exposure to ambient air pollution and diet characteristics on preterm birth

  

Caloric intake (kcal/day) h

Fat intake (%) i

Saturated fat intake (%) j

  

interaction parameter estimate

(95% CI)

ICR

(95%CI)

interaction parameter estimate

(95% CI)

ICR

(95%CI)

interaction parameter estimate

(95% CI)

ICR

(95%CI)

Trimester 1

NO 2 a

1.20 (0.73, 1.96)

0.15 (-0.13, 0.43)

1.14 (0.64, 2.05)

0.10 (-0.27, 0.48)

0.97 (0.56, 1.69)

-0.02 (-0.54, 0.49)

O 3 b

0.77 (0.36, 1.64)

-0.76 (-4.12, 2.60)

0.90 (0.42, 1.94)

-0.12 (-1.28, 1.03)

0.79 (0.45, 1.38)

-0.35 (-2.01, 1.31)

H PM 2.5 cd

0.80 (0.39, 1.62)

-1.25 (-8.87, 6.38)

1.15 (0.55, 2.37)

0.13 (-0.35, 0.61)

0.85 (0.43, 1.69)

-0.29 (-2.70, 2.11)

C PM 2.5 ce

0.81 (0.43, 1.54)

-0.77 (-5.73, 4.18)

1.03 (0.54, 1.99)

0.03 (-0.50, 0.55)

0.83 (0.44, 1.60)

-0.31 (-2.38, 1.77)

Trimester 2

NO 2

1.14 (0.60, 2.16)

0.14 (-0.28, 0.55)

1.27 (0.66, 2.43)

0.13 (-0.15, 0.42)

0.86 (0.44, 1.67)

-0.17 (-1.02, 0.69)

O 3

1.18 (0.66, 2.12)

-0.76 (-4.12, 2.60)

0.82 (0.37, 1.84)

-0.40 (-2.91, 2.11)

1.20 (0.60, 2.41)

0.19 (-0.24, 0.62)

H PM 2.5

--

--

0.99 (0.48, 2.04)

-0.01 (-1.75, 1.72)

0.99 (0.53, 1.86)

0.04 (-1.17, 1.25)

C PM 2.5

--

--

0.86 (0.43, 1.74)

-0.50 (-4.44, 3.43)

0.96 (0.59, 1.59)

-0.03 (-1.29, 1.24)

Trimester 3

NO 2

1.14 (0.62, 2.09)

0.12 (-0.49, 0.72)

1.25 (0.67, 2.30)

0.18 (-0.18, 0.54)

0.83 (0.45, 1.55)

-0.20 (-1.24, 0.84)

O 3

1.17 (0.51, 2.66)

0.17 (-0.51, 0.84)

0.95 (0.43, 2.08)

-0.04 (-0.35, 0.27)

1.02 (0.48, 2.15)

-0.11 (-0.58, 0.36)

H PM 2.5

1.36 (0.74, 2.48)

0.14 (-0.18, 0.46)

0.68 (0.33, 1.39)

-1.94 (-12.06, 8.18)

1.23 (0.84, 1.80)

0.10 (-0.08, 0.28)

C PM 2.5

1.24 (0.72, 2.15)

0.06 (-0.23, 0.35)

0.70 (0.36, 1.40)

-1.54 (-11.12, 8.05)

1.28 (0.75, 2.19)

0.04 (-0.32, 0.40)

  1. a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is reported as 1-hour daily maxima in parts per billion (ppb)
  2. b ozone (O3) is reported as 8-hour maxima in ppb
  3. c fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is reported as 24-hour average in micrograms (µg) per meter cubed.
  4. d Ensemble Model derived PM2.5 exposure
  5. e fCMAQ derived PM2.5 exposure used in sensitivity analyses
  6. f model: exposure + diet + exposure*diet + age + race + education + BMI + household income + conception season
  7. g IQR NO2: 6 ppb; IQR O3: 14 ppb; IQR PM2.5: 2 µg
  8. h Kcal/day at 75th percentile
  9. i Percent of caloric intake attributed to total fat at 75th percentile
  10. j Percent of caloric intake attributed to saturated fat at 75th percentile
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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