Table 6 Crude mortality rates (CMRs) reported by time after release

Degenhardt et al. 2014 [43]

Accidental drug-induced deaths

Males 4.2 per 1000 person-years (3.7–4.7) [n = 312; PY = 74,631]

Females 3.1 per 1000 person-years (2.4–3.9)

[n = 69; PY = 22,531]

Both 3.9 per 1000 person-years (3.5–4.3)

[n = 381; PY = 97,163]

First day

Males 17.0 per 1000 person-years (2.1–61.3) [n = 2; PY = 118]

Females 33.5 per 1000 person-years (0.8–186.7)

[n = 1; PY = 30]

Both 20.3 per 1000 person-years (4.2–59.4)

[n = 3; PY = 148]

First week

Males 25.8 per 1000 person-years (16.0–39.5) [n = 21; PY = 812]

Females 24.3 per 1000 person-years (7.9–56.8)

[n = 5; PY = 206]

Both 25.5 per 1000 person-years (16.7–37.4)

[n = 26; PY = 1,018]

First 2 weeks

Males 21.9 per 1000 person-years (15.3–30.5) [n = 35; PY = 1,595]

Females 12.4 per 1000 person-years (4.0–28.9)

[n = 5; PY = 403]

Both 20.0 per 1000 person-years (14.3–27.3)

[n = 40; n = 1,999]

First 4 weeks

Males 16.2 per 1000 person-years (12.0–21.4) [n = 50; PY = 3,080]

Females 7.7 per 1000 person-years (2.8–16.8) [n = 6; PY = 778]

Both 14.5 per 1000 person-years (11.0–18.8)

[n = 56; PY = 3,858]

First year

Males 6.9 per 1000 person-years (5.9–8.0)

[n = 166; PY = 24,031]

Females 4.9 per 1000 person-years (3.3–6.9)

[31 6 342]

Both 6.5 per 1000 person-years (5.6–7.5)

[n = 197; PY = 30,373]

Forsyth et al. 2018 [45]

Drug-related mortality

3.4 per 1000 person-years (2.0–5.7)

[Deaths observed 14; Expected 0.43]

Spittal et al. 2014 [58]

Drug-related deaths

14.6 per 10,000 person-years (13.3–16.2)

First 2 weeks after any release

114.0 per 10,000 person-years (70.9–183.4)

Subsequent 24 weeks

27.2 per 10,000 person-years (20.6–35.7)

First six months after any release

33.9 per 10,000 person-years (26.6–43.1)

After first six months

13.2 per 10,000 person-years (11.8–14.7)