Table 3 Descriptive and comparative analysis between postpartum women with PPD and those without PPD
From: The socio-demographic profile associated with perinatal depression during the COVID-19 era
EPDS < 13 ( n = 1,369) n (%) or Mean (SD) | EPDS ≥ 13 ( n = 585) n (%) or Mean (SD) | p | Effect size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mental Health History | ||||
Yes | 211 (15.40%) | 172 (29.40%) | < 0.001 | 0.161 |
No | 1.158 (84.60%) | 413 (70.60%) | ||
Age range | ||||
18—26 | 46 (3.50%) | 32 (5.70%) | 0.853 | 0.054 |
27—36 | 938 (71%) | 380 (67.50%) | ||
37—49 | 338 (25.60%) | 151 (26.80%) | ||
Education Level | ||||
Basic education | 44 (3.32%) | 54 (9.42%) | < 0.001 | 0.158 |
Intermediate studies | 306 (22.70%) | 174 (30%) | ||
Higher education | 1,000 (74.10%) | 352 (60.58%) | ||
Partner | ||||
Yes | 1,274 (94.37%) | 544 (93.79%) | 0.619 | 0.011 |
No | 76 (5.63%) | 36 (6.21%) | ||
Cohabitation with a partner | ||||
Yes | 1,103 (82.13%) | 449 (77.55%) | 0.019 | 0.053 |
No | 240 (17.87%) | 130 (22.45%) | ||
Time living with a partner | ||||
< 3 years | 173 (15.90%) | 60 (13.69%) | 0.208 | 0.033 |
3—6 years | 359 (3.90%) | 141 (32%) | ||
> 6 years | 558 (51.20%) | 239 (54.31%) | ||
Primiparous | ||||
Yes | 891 (65.10%) | 360 (61.50%) | 0.135 | 0.034 |
No | 478 (34.90%) | 225 (38.50%) | ||
Unemployment status | ||||
Yes | 117 (8.55%) | 92 (15.70%) | < 0.001 | 0.106 |
No | 1.252 (91.45%) | 493 (84.30%) | ||
Full Time Work | ||||
Yes | 531 (38.79%) | 188 (32.10%) | 0.005 | 0.071 |
No | 838 (61.21%) | 397 (67.90%) | ||
Homemaker | ||||
Yes | 105 (7.67%) | 71 (12.10%) | 0.002 | 0.040 |
No | 1,264 (92.33%) | 514 (87.90%) | ||
Looking for work | ||||
Yes | 54 (3.94%) | 40 (6.80%) | 0.006 | 0.063 |
No | 1,315 (96.06%) | 545 (93.20%) | ||
Paid Maternity Leave | ||||
Yes | 862 (62.96%) | 309 (52.73%) | < 0.001 | 0.062 |
No | 507 (37.03%) | 276 (47.27%) | ||
Number of children | 1.49 (0.77) | 1.45 (0.74) | 0.233 | 0.059 |
Number of persons living in household | 3.51 (0.88) | 3.56 (0.94) | 0.319 | 0.050 |
Number of children living in household | 1.42 (0.87) | 1.44 (0.76) | 0.488 | 0.034 |
Number of adults living in the home | 2.06 (0.54) | 2.08 (0.73) | 0.620 | 0.028 |
Meters outside house space | 84.85 (438.01) | 119.41 (699.20) | 0.277 | 0.065 |
House interior meters | ||||
< 80 m2 | 395 (30.10%) | 173 (30.84%) | 0.567 | 0.015 |
81 m2—110 m2 | 559 (45.70%) | 260 (46.34%) | ||
> 111 m2 | 318 (24.20%) | 128 (22.82%) | ||
Confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis | ||||
Yes | 84 (6.10%) | 29 (5%) | 0.307 | 0.023 |
No | 12,85 (93.90%) | 556 (95%) | ||
Symptoms COVID-19 diagnosis | ||||
Yes | 174 (12.71%) | 80 (13.70%) | 0.561 | 0.013 |
No | 1,195 (87.29%) | 505 (86.30%) | ||
Contact with someone who has been diagnosed with COVID-19 | ||||
Yes | 345 (25.20%) | 142 (24.30%) | 0.664 | 0.010 |
No | 1,024 (74.80%) | 443 (75.70%) | ||
Death of a close person due to COVID-19 | ||||
Yes | 127 (9.28%) | 77 (13.20%) | 0.010 | 0.058 |
No | 1,242 (90.72%) | 508 (86.80%) | ||
Change in environment since start of pandemic | ||||
Very positive | 48 (3.60%) | 9 (1.60%) | < 0.001 | 0.270 |
Somewhat positive | 172 (13%) | 53 (9.30%) | ||
No impact | 227 (17.10%) | 39 (6.90%) | ||
Somewhat negative | 747 (56.40%) | 300 (52.80%) | ||
Very negative | 130 (9.81%) | 167 (29.40%) | ||