Table 3 Associations between maternal Ontario Marginalization Index and the risk of congenital heart diseases among infants

Ontario Marginalization Index

Material Deprivation

 1 (least)

Reference

Reference

 2

1.06 (0.99–1.13)

1.06 (0.99–1.13)

 3

1.14 (1.07–1.22)

1.15 (1.07–1.23)

 4

1.16 (1.09–1.24)

1.17 (1.09–1.26)

 5 (Most)

1.27 (1.19–1.36)

1.27 (1.18–1.37)

Dependency

 1 (least)

Reference

Reference

 2

1.02 (0.97–1.09)

0.95 (0.89–1.01)

 3

1.02 (0.96–1.09)

0.91 (0.85–0.97)

 4

1.05 (0.99–1.12)

0.93 (0.86–1)

 5 (Most)

1.17 (1.09–1.24)

0.99 (0.92–1.07)

Ethnicity Concentration

 1 (least)

Reference

Reference

 2

1.07 (0.99–1.15)

1.1 (1.02–1.19)

 3

0.94 (0.87–1.01)

0.98 (0.9–1.07)

 4

0.85 (0.79–0.92)

0.9 (0.82–0.98)

 5 (Most)

0.84 (0.79–0.9)

0.89 (0.82–0.97)

Residential Instability

 1 (least)

Reference

Reference

 2

1.03 (0.96–1.1)

0.97 (0.9–1.04)

 3

1.05 (0.98–1.12)

0.95 (0.88–1.02)

 4

1.15 (1.08–1.23)

0.98 (0.91–1.06)

 5 (Most)

1.13 (1.06–1.2)

0.99 (0.93–1.07)

Maternal age at birth

  < 30 years

Reference

Reference

 30–34 years

0.94 (0.89–0.98)

0.99 (0.95–1.05)

  > 35 years

1.22 (1.16–1.29)

1.28 (1.21–1.35)

Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2)

 Yes

1.4 (1.33–1.48)

1.26 (1.19–1.33)

 No

Reference

Reference

 Missing

1.09 (1.02–1.17)

1.13 (1.06–1.21)

ART derived pregnancy

 Yes

1.27 (1.14–1.41)

1.15 (1.03–1.28)

 No

Reference

Reference

Maternal smoking or social drug use or alcohol consumption during pregnancy

 Yes

1.44 (1.36–1.52)

1.28 (1.2–1.36)

 No

Reference

Reference

All types of mental health illness in pre-pregnancy or during pregnancy

 Yes

1.44 (1.37–1.52)

1.21 (1.15–1.28)

 No

Reference

Reference

Pre-pregnancy health conditions

 Yes

1.85 (1.77–1.94)

1.72 (1.65–1.81)

 No

Reference

Reference

Baby sex

 Male

1.1 (1.06–1.15)

1.1 (1.06–1.15)

 Female

Reference

Reference

Residence in rural area

 Yes

1.1 (1.03–1.17)

1.04 (0.96–1.12)

 No

Reference

Reference